不同玉米品种籽粒营养成分及灌浆动态变化研究  

Research on the Dynamic Changes of Nutritional Composition and Grain Filling in Different Maize Varieties

作　　者：张中东[1] 郭正宇[1] 宫帅[1] 翟广谦[1] 陈永欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院玉米研究所,山西忻州034000

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2017年第2期1-3,6,共4页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(NYCYTX-02)

摘　　要：为了明确不同品种灌浆特性及养分含量动态变化,比较了先玉335、郑单958和沈玉26授粉后不同时期的籽粒灌浆及养分含量的动态变化,并对百粒重、灌浆速率、出籽率、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量及粗淀粉含量的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,随着授粉后天数的延长,百粒重表现为前期增长较快,后期增长相对较慢;灌浆速率在不同时期有起伏,随着生育期的延长,灌浆速率均呈先增加后下降趋势。3个品种均有两个灌浆速率高峰期,第1个灌浆速率高峰要高于第2个,在一定范围内温度是影响灌浆速率的重要因素,温度越高,灌浆速率越快;出籽率先快速增长,然后增长变缓,38d左右,基本趋于一致;粗蛋白含量初期最高,然后快速下降期,在授粉后26d左右逐渐趋于稳定;粗淀粉含量的变化可分为快速增长、快速降低和相对稳定阶段三个阶段;粗脂肪含量一开始快速下降,授粉后22d左右,逐渐趋于稳定。在灌浆过程中,百粒重与出籽率、粗淀粉含量呈极显著正相关,而与粗蛋白含量呈极显著负相关,与粗脂肪含量呈显著负相关。出籽率与粗蛋白含量及粗脂肪含量均呈极显著负相关,而与粗淀粉含量相关性不显著。粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量极显著相关,而与粗淀粉含量相关性不显著。粗淀粉与粗脂肪含量相关性不显著。In order to investigate the grain filling characteristics and dynamic changes of nutrient contents of different varieties, Xian Yu 335, Zheng Dan 958 and Shen Yu 26 were compared after pollination, And then we analysis the correlation between 100 grain weight, grain filling rate, seed yield, crude protein content, crude fat content and starch content. The results show that, With the ex- tension of days after pollination, 100 grain weight showed a faster growth in the early stage, and the later growth was relatively slow. Grain filling rate was changed in different periods, the grain filling rate increased at first and then decreased with the increase of growth period.. All of the three varieties have two filling rate peak, the first peak filling rate is higher than the second. Within a certain range of temperature is an important factor which affecting the grain filling rate, the higher the temperature, the faster the grain filling rate, the seed yield to grow rapidly at first, and then increased slowly, 38 days or so tends to be stable. The crude protein content was high- est in the early stage, and then decreased rapidly, and gradually stabilized after pollination for about 26 days. Changes of crude starch content can be divided into three stages： rapid growth, rapid reduction and relatively stable stage. Crude fat content began to decline rapidly, and it gradually stabilized about 22 days after pollination. During the filling process, 100 grain weight was significantly posi- tively correlated with seed yield and crude starch content, but negatively correlated with crude protein content, and negatively correla- ted with fat content. The seed yield was negatively correlated with the crude protein content and crude fat content, but the correlation was not significant with the crude starch content. The crude protein content was significantly correlated with the crude fat content, but the correlation was not significant with the crude starch content. Crude starch had no significant correlation with crude fat cont

关 键 词：玉米 籽粒 营养成分 灌浆动态 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]