老年人对疾病或死亡敏感词的定向遗忘效应  

Directed forgetting effect to disease/death-related words in elder people

作　　者：陶丹[1] 李朋[1] 宣宾[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学教育科学学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2017年第6期480-484,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31171076)

摘　　要：目的:探讨老年人在中性和负性情绪干扰条件下对疾病或死亡敏感词的定向遗忘能力。方法:选取36名老年人(60~75岁)和37名青年人(20~30岁)参与试验,采用单字法定向遗忘范式,在中性或负性情绪面孔图片的干扰条件下,比较老年人和青年人对疾病或死亡敏感词的再认正确率和定向遗忘效应值。结果:在中性情绪和负性情绪干扰条件下,老年人和青年人均表现为要求记住的再认正确率大于要求遗忘的项目(Ps<0.05);老年人定向遗忘效应值小于青年人[中性:(0.4±0.1)vs.(0.6±0.1);负性:(0.3±0.1)vs.(0.7±0.04),Ps<0.05]。在负性情绪干扰条件下,老年人对敏感词的定向遗忘效应值大于非敏感词[(0.4±0.1)vs.(0.1±0.1),P<0.001]。结论:老年人的定向遗忘能力弱于青年人,非敏感词的定向遗忘能力弱于敏感词,且老年人对非敏感词的定向遗忘效应在负性情绪下小于中性情绪。Objective： To explore the directed forgetting ability of elder people to disease/death-related words under the conditions of the neutral and negative emotiorL Methods： Thirty-six elder people and thirty-seven young people were included in this study. The directed forgetting effects to disease/death-related words were compared by using item-method directed forgetting paradigm under the neutral and negative emotional conditions. Results： Under the neutral and negative emotion conditions, higher recognition of to-be-remembered （TBR） than to-be-forgotten （TBF） words in elder group and younger group （Ps 〈 0.05）. The elder group showed the weaker effect of directed forgetting than younger group[ neutral emotion： （0. 4 ±0. 1 ） vs. （0. 6 ± 0. 1 ） ; negative emotion： （0. 3 ± 0. 1 ） vs. （0. 7 ± 0. 04）, Ps 〈 0. 05]. Under the negative emotion condition, elder people showed stronger effect of directed forgetting for sensitive words compared with control words[ （0. 4 ± 0. 1） vs. （0. 1 ±0. 1 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ]. Conclusion： The results suggest that the directed forgetting ability of elderly is weaker than that of young individuals, the ability of non-sensitive words than that with sensitive words, and the directed forgetting effect of elder people tonon-sensitive words in negative emotion is weaker than that in neutral emotion.

关 键 词：老年人 敏感词 定向遗忘 情绪 

分 类 号：B844.4[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] B842.6[哲学宗教—心理学]