长沙市API指数时空变化特征及气象条件影响  

Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics of Air Pollution Index and Effects of Meteorological Condition in Changsha

作　　者：杨云芸 李跃清[2] 周慧 王晓雷 

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象台,长沙410119 [2]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,成都610072

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2017年第1期108-113,共6页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局2014年气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2014Z16);湖南省气象局重点项目(201406)资助

摘　　要：利用长沙站2007—2012年逐日空气污染指数(Air Pollution Index,API)资料,对逐日空气污染指数、逐日空气质量级别等变化的差异进行了研究,其中包括了长沙空气质量的月变化、季节变化和年变化等,并利用湖南省地面气候背景资料及长沙市地面逐日观测资料,包括日平均气压、日降水量、日最高最低气温等,分析了长沙的API指数变化与气象因子的关系。结果表明:1)长沙2007—2012年每年的首要污染物均为可吸入颗粒物(PM10),其中在秋、冬两季污染尤为严重,API指数每年10月份出现极大值,1月份出现次大值。2)2007—2012年,长沙轻度污染及以上天数有逐年减少的趋势。这可能与长沙市在该时段秋冬季降水偏多、春季连阴雨时间长及夏季气温高等因素有关。3)长沙市API指数与日平均气压呈显著正相关,与日平均、日最高、日最低气温及日平均风速均呈显著负相关。The variations of air pollution index （API） and air quality levels in Changsha were analyzed using the data of daily API of Changsha from 2007 to 2012. The analyzed contents included monthly, seasonal and yearly variation of air quality. The relationship between API and meteorological factors were also analyzed using the climatic data and daily ground weather data, including daily mean air pressure, precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures. The results were as follows. 1）From 2007 to 2012, the primary pollutant in Changsha was all the inhalable particles PM10. Autumn and winter were the most serious pollution seasons. The maximum API occurred in October and secondary value occurred in January. 2）In recent years, pollution days in Changsha had a decreasing tendency. And this might be related to more precipitation in autumn and winter, longer continuous rain durations in spring and high temperature in summer. 3）The API of Changsha was significantly positive correlated to daily mean air pressure, and negative correlated daily mean, maximum and minimum temperature, and mean wind speed.

关 键 词：长沙市 空气污染指数(API) 可吸入颗粒物PM10 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]