生态位视角下“三大球”改革与发展研究——基于社会资源的竞争与合作  

Reform and Development of Three Big-Ball Sports in View of Niche:Based on Competition and Cooperation of Social Resources

作　　者：李南[1,2] 葛春林[1] 张立伟[2] LI Nan GE Chun-lin ZHANG Li-wei(Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China Liaoning Shihua Universtiy, Fushun 100031, Liaoning China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]辽宁石油化工大学,辽宁抚顺100031

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2017年第5期34-38,共5页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：足球、篮球、排球这"三大球"的发展一直牵扯着国人的心弦,是我国从体育大国向体育强国迈进的重要指标。北京奥运会后,我国"三大球"的整体发展不容乐观,"三大球"的改革和发展备受质疑。通过文献资料法等研究方法从社会资源的竞争和合作角度分析"三大球"的发展现状,运用生态位理论阐述我国"三大球"的改革和发展过程中内外部竞争与合作中的发展路径。研究表明:"三大球"整体生态位扩充不足;其他运动项目生态位对"三大球"生态位压缩趋势明显;"三大球"生态位系统内耗严重。在分析"三大球"现状的基础上提出"三大球"发展策略:扩展"三大球"生态位宽度,提高在社会中的适应能力;强化"三大球"生态位的态和势的发展与转化;推动"三大球"生态位内错位发展,降低系统内耗;加强"三大球"生态位外错位发展,促进各项目和谐发展。The three big-ball sports means football,basketball and volleyball in China,their development has been involved in the hearts of the people,and is an important indicator of China moving from a big sports country to a sports power. The development of three big-ball sports in China is not optimistic after Beijing Olympic Games,their reform and development have been questioned. This study analyzed the development status of three big-ball sports from the competition and cooperation of social recourses by the method of literature review,discussed the development path of internal and external competition and cooperation in the reform and development of three bigball sports in view of niche. Conclusions： The niche width of three big-ball sports is narrow; the niche of other sports items compresses the three big-ball sports＇; the internal friction of niche of three big-ball sports is serious.This study provided development strategies based on the analysis of development status of three big-ball sports,including expanding the niche width of three big-ball sports to improve social adaptability,strengthening the development and transformation of niche ecostate and ecorole,promoting internal dislocation development of niche to reduce system internal friction,and improving external dislocation development of niche to promote the harmonious development of three big-ball sports.

关 键 词：足球 篮球 排球 三大球 生态位理论 社会资源 体育改革 体育发展 

分 类 号：G84[文化科学—体育训练]