放逐君主:周礼权力结构解析  

Exiled Monarch:Analysis on the Structure of Power in Zhouli

作　　者：李若晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2017年第2期82-101,共20页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：中国社会科学院重大项目"中华思想通史";修远经济与社会研究基金会课题"华夏三千年之格局与变局"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：周礼体制是基于双向性伦理。如果居于上位者背弃了自己应守的道德,周礼便将放弃对他所居地位的维护。周礼分封制实质上是以国造家,构造"家邦"。用模拟血缘的方式,将没有血缘关系的人放到家族性血缘亲属的"位"上,人的"位关系"才是构建周礼的纽带和维持周礼的根基。天子与万民共享天下,也就是权力分配的主要特征有二:一是治权的逐级分割;二是主权与治权相分离。由此形成周礼体制最为重要的特征:主权在上,治权在下。Zhouli(Rites of Zhou Dynasty,Chinese:周礼)was a system based on the bilateral ethical regulation,in which relationship both parties bear corresponding ethical requirements.If those with higher positions in the system renege on their due moral obligations,they would lose protection of their position from Zhouli.Zhou adopted feudalism which was a de facto family-state regime organizing a state in line with a family or clan.In approach to this fictive kinship arrangement,Zhouli placed people without blood ties unto the'positions'similar to real kinship hierarchy,thus,shaping the ties within and forming the foundation of the Zhouli system.Zhou maintained the tradition of bilateral ethical regulation inherited from tribal eras before the conception of the state came into existence.This means those with lower social status had their rights to avenge the infringement by the monarch.Meanwhile,the monarch,as patriarch of the family-state,was entitled to safeguard and care for the benefits of the whole population or clan.This is what it means for feudalism,along with the conception of Tianxia(literally means land under heaven,Chinese character:天下)which belongs to all the people.The distribution of powers under this conception includes two main features:division of governance power in a step-down approach,and separation of sovereign and governance powers.In this light,there forms the most important characteristics of Zhouli—sovereign up and governance down(Chinese:主权在上,治权在下).

关 键 词：周礼 双向性伦理 家邦 治权 主权 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]