原核细胞microRNA特性及其作用机制研究进展  

Advance in research of characteristics and action mechanism of microRNAs from prokaryotes

作　　者：张新蔚 黄燕颖[1,2] 严杰[3] 孙爱华[2] ZHANG Xin-wei HUANG Yan-ying YAN Jie SUN Ai-hua(School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学检验医学院,温州325035 [2]杭州医学院基础医学部,杭州310053 [3]浙江大学医学院病原生物学系,杭州310058

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2017年第5期449-453,共5页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81271893);浙江省卫生高层次创新人才培养工程项目(2012-241)~~

摘　　要：microRNA为一类非编码小RNA,主要通过其种子序列(seed sequence,SS)与靶mRNA位于5′端的SS结合序列特异性结合后抑制靶mRNA转录或降解靶mRNA,从而在转录后水平负调控靶基因表达。microRNA首先发现于秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans),此后发现各种真核细胞均存在大量各种microRNA。真核细胞首先转录出microRNA前体,经剪切后成为21~23nt有功能的microRNA,大多与靶mRNA的3′端序列结合后引起靶mRNA翻译抑制或降解。近年不少细菌等原核细胞microRNA被发现,但原核细胞microRNA不需剪切即有活性,大小为50~400nt,其特性、作用位点和机制等也与真核细胞有一定差异。本文简要介绍真核和原核细胞基因表达调控主要机制、microRNA特点及其调控基因表达的机制,以期为深入研究原核细胞型病原微生物基因表达调控与致病机制奠定基础。microRNAs is a group of small non-coding RNAs that play a negative regulation role in expression of target genes at post-transcriptional level by inhibition or degradation of target mRNAs after combination of the seed sequence （SS） in microRNAs with the SS-binding sequences usually located at 5＇ ends of target mRNAs. microRNAs was firstly found in Caenorhabditis elegans. Subsequently, many different microRNAs in eukaryocytes were revealed. In eukaryocytes, microRNA precursors are transcribed at first and then become functional microRNAs with 21-23 nt in size after splice. Most of eukaryocytic microRNAs combime with the sequences at 3＇ end of target mRNAs that cause the translation inhibition or degradation of the mRNAs. In the recent years, many different prokaryocytes, such as bacteria, have been confirmed to possess microRNAs. However, the microRNAs in prokaryotes such as bacteria are 50-400 nt in size and have the biological activity without splice. Moreover, the characteristics, action sites and mechanisms of the prokaryotic microRNAs have some certain diversity compared to the eukaryotic microRNAs. Our review briefly introduce the major regulation mechanisms of gene expression as well as the general characteristics of microRNAs and their regulation mechanisms of gene expression in prokaryocytes and eukaryocytes, which will provide a basis for further and profound study on the gene expression regulation and pathogenic mechanisms of prokaryotic microbial pathogens.

关 键 词：原核细胞 基因表达 调控 MICRORNA 作用机制 

分 类 号：R394.8[医药卫生—医学遗传学]