三株土壤解磷细菌的分离及其解磷效果分析  

Isolation and Characterization of Three Bacterial Strains Capable of Phosphate-solubilizing from Soil

作　　者：李白[1] 李军[1] 沈亚强[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院(所),嘉兴314016

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2017年第5期203-209,共7页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：嘉兴市科技计划项目(2014AY21001)

摘　　要：旨为解决农业面源污染问题,分离鉴定土壤解磷微生物并开发复合微生物菌剂。以有机磷农药及无机难溶磷作为筛选磷源,对土壤中具有解磷能力的微生物进行分离、鉴定并对其解磷效果进行分析。从土壤中分离得到3株解磷细菌,分别命名为菌株W、Y、B;3个菌株均是革兰氏阴性菌;W菌株对敌百虫的降解能力最强,达到17.39%,B菌株对毒死蜱的降解率最强,为23.06%;3个菌株对固态难溶磷的解磷效果显著,其中B菌株解磷量最高,为96.31 mg/L;复合菌的解磷效果明显优于单菌,另外复合菌对稻田、大棚土壤解磷的促进效果显著,分别增加18.38 mg/L、14.08 mg/L。分离得到3株有效土壤解磷细菌,有一定的有机磷农药降解能力,对无机磷溶解效果较强,构建的复合菌剂对土壤解磷的促进效果显著。This work is to isolate and identify the phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and develop microbial complex agents targeting for solving the problems of agricultural non-point source pollution. The organic phosphorus pesticide ＂chlorpyrifos＂, ＂trichlorfon＂ and insoluble inorganic phosphorus Ca3 （ PO4 ） 2 were used as phosphorus source to screen and identify the phosphate-solubilizing microbe from soil, as well as analyze their phosphate-solubilizing capacity. The result showed that three phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains （ W, Y and B ） were isolated from the soil. Alt three strains were gram-negative Strairis. The degradation results of organophosphorus pesticides showed that strain W had the strongest degradation rate of trichlorfon with 17.39%, and strain B had the strongest degradation rate of chlorpyrifos with 23.06%： All three strains solubilized significantly solid insoluble phosphate, and the B strain had the highest phosphorus-solubilizing capacity of 96.31 mg/L. The solubilizing phosphate results of single strain and compound strains showed that the effect of compound strains was significantly better than single strain. When W, Y, and B strains mixed with EM, the phosphorus-solubilizing capacity rose to 119.46 mg/L, and the phosphorus- solubilizing capacity in paddy fields and greenhouse soil was improved to 18.38 mg/L and 14.08 mg/L, respectively. In conclusion, three strains isolated from soil have the abilities of degrading organic phosphorus pesticide and solubilizing inorganic phosphorus Ca3 （ PO4 ） 2. The compound strains significantly improved the phosphorus-solubilizing capacity of soil significantly.

关 键 词：有机磷农药 无机磷 复合微生物 解磷细菌 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53