Genome editing in Drosophila melanogaster： from basic genome engineering to the multipurpose CRISPR-Cas9 system  

作　　者：Xingjie Ren Kristof Holsteens Haiyi Li Jin Sun Yifan Zhang Lu-Ping Liu Qingfei Liu Jian-Quan Ni 

机构地区：[1]Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2]French International School of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999000, China [3]Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA [4]School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

出　　处：《Science China(Life Sciences)》2017年第5期476-489,共14页中国科学（生命科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2015BAI09B03, 2016YFE0113700);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371496, 31571320);the National Basic Research Program (2013CB35102)

摘　　要：Nowadays, genome editing tools are indispensable for studying gene function in order to increase our knowledge of biochemical processes and disease mechanisms. The extensive availability of mutagenesis and transgenesis tools make Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model organism for geneticists. Early mutagenesis tools relied on chemical or physical methods,ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS) and X-rays respectively, to randomly alter DNA at a nucleotide or chromosomal level. Since the discovery of transposable elements and the availability of the complete fly genome, specific genome editing tools, such as P-elements, zinc-finger nucleases(ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs), have undergone rapid development. Currently, one of the leading and most effective contemporary tools is the CRISPR-cas9 system made popular because of its low cost, effectiveness, specificity and simplicity of use. This review briefly addresses the most commonly used mutagenesis and transgenesis tools in Drosophila, followed by an in-depth review of the multipurpose CRISPR-Cas9 system and its current applications.Nowadays, genome editing tools are indispensable for studying gene function in order to increase our knowledge of biochemical processes and disease mechanisms. The extensive availability of mutagenesis and transgenesis tools make Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model organism for geneticists. Early mutagenesis tools relied on chemical or physical methods,ethyl methane sulfonate（EMS） and X-rays respectively, to randomly alter DNA at a nucleotide or chromosomal level. Since the discovery of transposable elements and the availability of the complete fly genome, specific genome editing tools, such as P-elements, zinc-finger nucleases（ZFNs） and transcription activator-like effector nucleases（TALENs）, have undergone rapid development. Currently, one of the leading and most effective contemporary tools is the CRISPR-cas9 system made popular because of its low cost, effectiveness, specificity and simplicity of use. This review briefly addresses the most commonly used mutagenesis and transgenesis tools in Drosophila, followed by an in-depth review of the multipurpose CRISPR-Cas9 system and its current applications.

关 键 词：genome editing Drosophila melanogaster MUTAGENESIS TRANSGENESIS CRISPR-Cas9 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学] TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]