西南地区不同套种模式对土壤肥力及经济效益的影响  

Effect of Different Relay Intercropping Patterns on Soil Fertility and Economic Benefits in Southwest China

作　　者：刘鑫[1] 陈小容[1] 雍太文[1] 宋春[1] 刘卫国[1] 王小春[1] 杨峰[1] 武晓玲[1] 杨文钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第15期104-109,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"大豆叶片光合适应性的生理生化与基因表达谱分析"(31171476);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项"全国大豆产业技术体系研究"(CARS-04-PS19)

摘　　要：为探讨不同作物组合的种植模式对土壤肥力及经济效益的影响,寻找作物搭配合理、低投入高产出的套作模式。采用单因素随机区组试验,研究比较了4种套作模式(小麦/玉米/大豆、小麦/玉米/甘薯、小麦/高粱/大豆、马铃薯/玉米/大豆)的土壤肥力、产量及经济效益的差异。连续种植3年后,各种植模式的土壤养分含量基本维持或得到提升(速效钾除外)。甘薯茬口对全钾、速效钾消耗均较大,需适当提高钾肥用量。小麦/玉米/甘薯的总产量最高,小麦/玉米/大豆模式的大豆单产量最高,小麦的单产各模式无显著差异。不同模式收益表现为,小麦/玉米/大豆>马铃薯/玉米/大豆>小麦/玉米/甘薯>小麦/高粱/大豆;产投比表现为,小麦/玉米/大豆>马铃薯/玉米/大豆>小麦/玉米/甘薯>小麦/高粱/大豆。小麦/玉米/大豆收益为14196.41元/hm^2,产投比为3.69:1,均为所有模式中最高,加之大豆茬口可以活化土壤养分,是相对理想的套作模式。The objective is to explore the effect of different crop arrangements on soil fertility and economic benefits, find a relay intercropping pattern that is reasonable crop-collocation, low-input and high-output. The research used a single factor randomized block design experiment to research soil fertility, yield and economic benefit in four relay intercropping patterns （wheat/maize/soybean, wheat/maize/sweet potato, wheat/sorghum/ soybean and potato/maize/soybean）. The soil nutrients were maintained or improved after planting for continuous three years （except available K）; the sweet potato stubble absorbed a large amount of total K and available K, therefore, the application of K fertilizer should be increased; the wheat/maize/potato got the maximum total yield, while the wheat/maize/soybean got the maximum soybean yield. There was no significant difference of wheat yield. The economic benefits of different patterns showed wheat/maize/soybean〉potato/ maize/soybean〉wheat/maize/sweet potato〉wheat/sorghum/soybean. Compared with other relay intercropping patterns, wheat/maize/soybean achieved the highest economic benefit （14196.41 yuan/hmz） and the highest output-input ratio （3.69： I）, moreover, soybean stubble could activate soil nutrient, and therefore, wheat/maize/soybean can be regarded as the best crop arrangement for relay intercropping.

关 键 词：西南地区 套作模式 小麦/玉米/大豆 土壤肥力 经济效益 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]