基于生态足迹理论的内蒙古生态承载力评价  

Evaluation on Ecological Carrying Capacity of Inner Mongolia Based on Ecological Footprint Theory

作　　者：杨海平 温焜[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南医药学院,湖南怀化418000 [2]江西行政学院,南昌330003

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2017年第4期152-157,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会重点委托课题(XSPCX009)

摘　　要：生态足迹理论是研究区域资源可持续发展水平的重要基础,对制定科学的区域发展规划具有重要意义。通过获取的各种资源环境数据,结合不同的生态足迹模型,测算了内蒙古2001—2014年的人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力、生态盈余、生态赤字、万元GDP生态足迹等指标。结果表明:2001—2014年人均生态足迹呈快速增长趋势,由4.158 9hm2/人增至22.948 1hm2/人,年均增长率为14.59%。各类生态生产性土地人均生态足迹为:化石能源用地>耕地>草地>建设用地>林地>水域,平均占有比例分别为65.22%,22.51%,10.34%,0.84%,0.82%和0.27%。由于人均生态足迹逐年增大,其增长率远高于可利用人均生态承载力的增长率,导致2001—2014年一直处于生态赤字状态,生态赤字的出现主要是由不断加大原煤、原油等化石能源用地的生态足迹造成的。人均万元GDP生态足迹总体呈现下降趋势,该指标说明研究区正处于能源利用转型期。最后,分析了生态足迹理论研究方法的不确定性来源,并给出了进一步改进的途径。该研究对内蒙古践行"生态文明",构建北方生态安全屏障,实现经济社会可持续发展具有重要指导意义。The ecological footprint theory is an important foundation for studying the sustainable development level of regional resources, which is of great significance to formulate scientific regional development planning. Using a variety of resources and environment data, we calculated per capita ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus, ecological deficit per capita, ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan GDP index, etc. in Inner Mongolia in 2001 2014. The results showed that from 2001 to 2014, the per capita ecological footprint presented a trend of rapid growth, and increased from 4. 158 9 hm^2 per capita to 22. 948 1 hm^2 per capita, average annual growth was 14. 59%; all kinds of ecological productive land per capita ecological footprint decreased in the order, fossil energy land〉cultivated land〉grassland〉construction land 〉forest land~〉water area, average possession ratios were 65.22%, 22.51%, 10. 34%, 0.84%, 0.82% and 0.27%, respectively. Due to the increase of per capita ecological footprint year by year, its growth rate was far higher than the growth rate of per capita ecological carrying capacity, which resulted in a state of ecological deficit in 2001--2014, and ecological deficit was mainly caused by increasing the ecological footprint of raw coal, crude oil and other fossil energy land. Ten thousand yuan GDP per capita ecological footprint overall presented a trend of decline, the energy use of the study area was in the transition period. Finally, we analyzed the sources of uncertainty of ecological footprint theory research methods, the way of further improvement was suggested. The study on has important guiding significance for the practice of Inner Mongolia ＇ecological civilization＇, constructing ecological security barrier in the north, and achieving sustainable economic and social development.

关 键 词：区域生态学 生态承载力 生态足迹理论 生态赤字 可持续发展 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]