四川盆地9000kg hm^(-2)产量潜力小麦品种的花后冠层结构、生理及同化物分配特性  

Canopy Architecture, Physiological Characteristics and Assimilate Partitioning in Wheat Cultivars with 9000kg ha^(-1) Yield Potential in Sichuan Basin

作　　者：吴晓丽[1] 李朝苏[1] 汤永禄[1] 李俊[1] 马孝玲[1] 李式昭[1] 黄明波 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川广汉市生产力促进中心,四川广汉618300

出　　处：《作物学报》2017年第7期1043-1056,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-1-23);国家自然科学基金项目(31571590)资助~~

摘　　要：四川盆地小麦高产育种取得了突破性进展,但高产生理研究相对滞后。本研究以2011—2015连续5年的田间试验,比较了高产和一般产量潜力品种花后群体冠层结构、主要生理指标和同化物的转运分配特性,旨在揭示四川小麦9000 kg hm-2高产品种的生理基础。选择代表性高产潜力品种和一般产量潜力品种各3个,高产潜力品种产量平均9422 kg hm^(-2),比一般产量潜力品种高14.3%,增产原因是生物量或收获指数的提高。相比一般产量潜力品种,高产潜力品种旗叶短且宽,长宽比低于10,开花初期至灌浆中期叶基角和开角增加明显。开花至灌浆后期,高产潜力品种顶三叶的SPAD值及花后0 d和20 d的群体光合速率显著高于一般产量潜力品种,群体光合速率以10:00–12:00的差异最大。此外,高产潜力品种在开花期茎鞘生物量所占比例较高,而成熟期籽粒所占比例较一般产量潜力品种高1~4个百分点。籽粒产量与小麦形态、生理参数关系密切,与灌浆期旗叶基角(r=0.947,P<0.01)和倒二叶基角(r=0.963,P<0.01)呈正相关,与旗叶长宽比(r=-0.913,P<0.01)和倒二叶长宽比(r=-0.911,P<0.01)呈负相关;与开花期顶三叶SPAD值呈正相关,r值分别为0.75、0.90和0.82(P<0.01);与成熟期穗轴干重比例呈负相关(r=-0.956,P<0.01)。本研究表明,株高适中、株型紧凑,花后冠层叶绿素含量和群体光合速率较高,以及合理的物质分配,是高产潜力品种获得高产的生理基础。In contrast to the outstanding breeding progress of high-yield wheat in Sichuan Basin of China, the physiological basisof high-yield-potential cultivars is unclear due to seldom studies. In this study, a five-year field experiment （2011–2015） wascarried out to compare the differences of canopy structure after anthesis, canopy apparent photosynthesis （CAP）, chlorophyll content（SPAD）, and dry matter partitioning between high-yield and normal-yield potential cultivars. Three typical high-yield andthree normal-yield potential cultivars were selected, and the average yield of the high-yield potential cultivars （9422 kg ha？1） was14.3% higher than that of the normal-yield potential cultivars owing to higher biomass or harvest index. Compared with the normalyieldpotential cultivars, the high-yield potential cultivars had shorter and wider flag leaves （length-to-width ratio lower than 10）and showed obvious increases of basal and open angles of the topmost three leaves from early anthesis to mid-filling stage. Fromanthesis to late-filling stage, SPAD values of the topmost three leaves and CAP values at 0 and 20 days after anthesis were significantlyhigher in the high-yield potential cultivars than in the normal-yield potential cultivars, with the largest difference of CAP between 10：00 and 12：00 a.m. In addition, the high-yield potential cultivars showed higher biomass proportion of stem andsheath at anthesis and higher （1-4 percentage points） biomass proportion of grain at maturity than the normal-yield potential cultivars.Grain yield was closely related to morphological and physiological parameters in wheat. For example, grain yield was positivelycorrelated with basal angles of flag leaf （r = 0.947, P 〈 0.01） and the second leaf from top （r = 0.963, P 〈 0.01） atgrain-filling stage and negatively correlated with leaf length-to-width ratios of flag leaf （r = -0.913, P 〈 0.01） and the second leaffrom top （r = -0.911, P 〈 0.01）. Grain yield was also positively correlate

关 键 词：小麦 冠层结构 群体光合速率 干物质分配 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]