CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术及其在草类植物中的应用  

CRISPR/Cas9 system and its prospective application in grass

作　　者：王丹[1,2] 周美亮[2] 李金博 孙占敏[2] 吴燕民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京100081 [3]深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司,广东深圳518040

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第6期1204-1214,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31372361);国家重点基础研究发展"973"项目(2014CB138701);广东省省级科技计划项目(2015B090904008)

摘　　要：CRISPR/Cas9系统作为新一代基因组编辑技术,一经问世就受到广泛关注。CRISPR/Cas9系统具有对特定基因位点进行精确修饰(包括敲除、插入、替换等)的强大功能,同时具有操作简单、效率高、适应性广等技术优势,目前已在微生物、植物、动物以及人类基因治疗等整个生命科学领域得到应用。本文简要介绍了CRISPR/Cas9技术的发展历程、作用机理、技术优势、功能及应用领域,总结该技术在植物领域的基因组定向编辑中的研究进展。并提出了这项技术在草类植物基因功能分析、基因代谢调控途径与遗传改良等方面的应用前景,为相关领域的研究工作奠定了基础。The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a new, precise genome editing technology, which has received wide at tention from the scientific community globally. CRISPR/Cas9 is widely utilised for studying gene functions, because it enables precise modification of specific gene sites, including knockout, insertion, and substhution. CRISPR/Cas9 has many advantages, including convenience, precision, efficiency, and a wide selection of target sites. Presently, this technology is applied in all the field of life sciences, including microorganisms, plants. animals, and human gene therapy. The present article briefly introduces the course of development of （CRISPR/ Cas9 technology, mechanism of action, technical advantage, functions, and its applications. It summarizes the progresses in targetted plant genome editing, and discusses the potential applications of this process in research on grass species, including studies on functional genomics, gene metabolism and regulation, and genetic iprovement, which provides a useful reference for the later researches and application of this field.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑 草类植物 定点敲除 基因功能 遗传改良 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学] Q943.2