被子植物闭花授粉的研究进展  

Advances in cleistogamy of angiosperms

作　　者：张代玉[1] 骆凯[1] 吴凡[1] 王彦荣[1] 张吉宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第6期1215-1227,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：科技部"973"课题(2014CB138704);国家自然科学基金(31572453;31101759);兰州大学中央高校基本科研费自由探索项目(lzujbky-2016-10)

摘　　要：闭花授粉(cleistogamy,CL)是一种完全自交的繁殖系统,属于最典型的自花授粉,近年来已经受到人们越来越多的关注。本文概述了闭花授粉的类型、花器官变异、在被子植物中的分布、系统进化和相关调控基因。闭花授粉分为兼性闭花授粉、完全闭花授粉和诱变闭花授粉3种类型,其中兼性闭花授粉所占的比例最大,约占总数的77.3%。基于这些分类,目前闭花授粉现象存在于53个科236个属705种被子植物中。与开花授粉(chasmogamy,CH)相比,CL花器官的数目相对减少,浆片退化。控制CL的基因有单基因、双基因和3对基因。无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)为典型的兼性闭花授粉植物,其CH和CL花存在明显的形态差异,种子具有异型性。通过对禾本科内植物进行系统进化分析发现,隐子草属(Cleistogenes)和双稃草属(Diplachne)的亲缘关系最近,同属于三齿稃亚族(Tridentinae)。这些信息为理解闭花授粉和其基因的生态学意义提供了宝贵的参考价值。Cleistogamy （CL）, a breeding system in which permanently closed and self-pollinated flowers are produced, has received increasing attention in recent years. The present study summarised the different types of cleistogamy, the variation of floral organs, their distribution in angiosperms, phylogenetic evolution, and related regulatory genes. There are three types of cleistogamy： dimorphic, complete, and induced cleistogamy. Among them, the occurrence of dimorphic cleistogamy is 77.3%. Cleistogamy is present in 705 angiosperm spe- cies, distributed across 236 genera and 53 families. Compared with chasmogamy （CH）, the number of floral organs in cleistogamous flowers is reduced and the lodicules are degraded. Genetic control of cleistogamy involves one to three genes. Cleistogenes songorica is a representative plant with dimorphic cleistogamy. The morphology of CH and CL flowers revealed a significant difference, and the seeds are heteromorphic. The phylogenetic tree of the genera in Poaceae indicated that the relationship between Cleistogenes and Diplachne, belonging to Tridentinae, is closer than originally presumed. Such information will provide valuable background for understanding the ecological significance and role of genes in cleistogamy.

关 键 词：闭花授粉 开花授粉 系统进化 闭花授粉相关基因 被子植物 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]