Effects of silver adsorbed on fumed silica,silver phosphate glass,bentonite organomodified with silver and titanium dioxide in aquatic indicator organisms  

作　　者：Daiane Tomacheski Michele Pittol Douglas Naue Simoes Vanda Ferreira Ribeiro Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana 

机构地区：[1]Department of Materials Engineering,Laboratory of Polymers-LAPOL,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre 91501-970,Brazil [2]Softer Brasil Cornpostos Termopldsticos,Carnpo Born 93700-000,Brazil

出　　处：《Journal of Environmental Sciences》2017年第6期230-239,共10页环境科学学报（英文版）

基　　金：FINEP by the financial support(03.13.0280.00)

摘　　要：In order to reduce the level of transmission of diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, the development of antimicrobial additives for use in personal care, hygiene products, clothing and others has increased. Many of these additives are based on metals such as silver and titanium. The disposal of these products in the environment has raised concerns pertaining to their potential harmfulness for beneficial organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the shape, surface chemistry, size and carrier of three additives containing silver and one with titanium dioxide （TiQ） on microcmstacean survival. Daphnia ruagna was used as a bioindicator for acute exposure test in suspensions from 0.0001 to 10,000 ppm. Cefiodaphnia dubia was used for chronic test in Ti02 suspensions from 0.001 to 100 ppm, D. magna populations presented high susceptibihty to all silver based additives, with 100% mortahty after 24 hr of exposure. A different result was found in the acute experiments containing TiO2 suspensions, with mortality rates only after 48 hr of incubation. Even on acute and chronic tests, Ti02 did not reach a hnear concentration-response uersus mortality, with 1 ppm being more toxic than 10,000 ppm on acute test and 0.001 more toxic than 0.01 ppm on chronic assay. Silver based material toxicity was attributed to silver itself, and had no relation to either form （nano or ion） or carrier （silica, phosphate glass or bentonite）. Ti02 demonstrated to have a low acute toxicity against D. magna.In order to reduce the level of transmission of diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, the development of antimicrobial additives for use in personal care, hygiene products, clothing and others has increased. Many of these additives are based on metals such as silver and titanium. The disposal of these products in the environment has raised concerns pertaining to their potential harmfulness for beneficial organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the shape, surface chemistry, size and carrier of three additives containing silver and one with titanium dioxide （TiQ） on microcmstacean survival. Daphnia ruagna was used as a bioindicator for acute exposure test in suspensions from 0.0001 to 10,000 ppm. Cefiodaphnia dubia was used for chronic test in Ti02 suspensions from 0.001 to 100 ppm, D. magna populations presented high susceptibihty to all silver based additives, with 100% mortahty after 24 hr of exposure. A different result was found in the acute experiments containing TiO2 suspensions, with mortality rates only after 48 hr of incubation. Even on acute and chronic tests, Ti02 did not reach a hnear concentration-response uersus mortality, with 1 ppm being more toxic than 10,000 ppm on acute test and 0.001 more toxic than 0.01 ppm on chronic assay. Silver based material toxicity was attributed to silver itself, and had no relation to either form （nano or ion） or carrier （silica, phosphate glass or bentonite）. Ti02 demonstrated to have a low acute toxicity against D. magna.

关 键 词：Daphnia magnaCeriodaphnia dubiaTitanium dioxideSilver ionNanosilver 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]