加装导流板的舀勺式马铃薯播种机排种器性能分析与试验  

Performance analysis and experiment of cup-belt type patato seed-metering device with flow deflector

作　　者：吕金庆[1] 王英博[1] 李紫辉[1] 兑瀚 刘中原[1] 李季成[1] 孙贺[1] 彭曼曼[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第9期19-28,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划智能农机装备专项"薯类高效收获技术与装备研发"(2016YFD0701600);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-10-P22);黑龙江省重大科技攻关项目"马铃薯规模化种植关键技术装备研究"(GA15B401)

摘　　要：马铃薯播种机排种器的投种角度、速度、高度以及种薯与土壤接触后的弹跳等对马铃薯排种器播种质量影响较大,针对上述问题,该文研制了舀勺式马铃薯排种器的投种结构,设计加装了导流板。通过对导流板的性能分析、种薯投种过程及种薯与沟底碰撞过程的运动学分析,确定了影响播种效果的因素;以主动轮转速、机组前进速度、投种高度为主要因素,株距变异系数、漏播率、重播率为试验指标进行田间试验,并进行了旋转正交试验回归分析。试验结果表明:经参数优化后的马铃薯排种器具有较好的播种质量,当主动轮转速为42 r/min、前进速度为1.2m/s、投种高度为640mm时,其株距变异系数平均值为12.5%、漏播率平均值为2.21%、重播率平均值为3.56%,其标准均高于传统的舀勺式排种器,播种效果提升显著(P<0.01)。该研究为马铃薯排种器技术进步提供了参考。In order to enhance seeding accuracy and seeding quality of potato, this paper analyses and tests the bouncing and casting process of the cup-belt type potato seed-metering device and the performance of flow deflector. The cup-belt type potato seed-metering devices have the problems such as the nonuniformity of plant spacing, and the higher replay rate and missing rate due to different casting angle, casting speed, casting height and potato bouncing when contacting with furrow. This paper contains the main structure and working principle of cup-belt type potato seed-metering device, and the working principle of the flow deflector is that potato drops out from seed-metering device to the deflector, and then flows along the surface. The flow deflector can reduce longitudinal distance that potato drops into furrow to make the form of potato seed in approximately one column. Flow deflector can also reduce the horizontal velocity of potato seed to decrease the distance of potato dropping into furrow. During the sowing process of seed-metering device, in addition to the contact with the flow deflector, bouncing after contact with soil will also have an influence on seeding results. In the event of seed bounce, the images of bounce process have spatial properties, a circular point tmiform density of position of potato in furrow after bounce was formed, each bounce direction has the same possibility after jumping, and the displacement of potato after bounce is inconsistent. The above phenomenon will lead to a higher coefficient of variation for sowing spacing, and a lower qualified rate of seeding. The process of irregular bounce will also increase the replay rate and missing rate. This paper also obtains the main factors that influence bounce distance through the kinematic analysis of casting and bouncing process during potato seeding. The field experiment was carried out; the rotational speed of the driving pulley, the forward speed of the device, and the seed casting height were taken as the experiment factors, and th

关 键 词：农业机械 农作物 试验 马铃薯 排种器 导流板 弹跳 株距变异系数 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]