面孔识别的意识加工和自动加工及其发展性  

The Conscious Processing and Automatic Processing in the Face Recognition

作　　者：刘振华[1] 庞诗韵 党彩萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学管理学院,广东广州510632 [2]广州医科大学

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2017年第6期924-929,共6页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：广州市哲学社会科学发展“十二五”规划共建课题(编号:15G99);广州市高等学校教育教学改革项目和广州市教育科学规划课题(编号:1201533681);广东省教育厅高等教育“创新强校”工程专项课题(编号:Q159149)

摘　　要：目的:区别面孔识别的意识加工和自动加工,探讨其发展机制。方法:39名儿童和大学生进行东西方面孔识别和面孔再认,应用加工分离程序(PDP)区分再认过程的意识加工和自动加工,记录其正确率和错误率,进行组间和组内效应检验。结果:(1)在分类正确率上,年龄主效应显著(F=5.744,P<0.05);(2)在分类错误率上,本异族面孔差异主效应显著(F=59.117,P<0.01);本异族面孔差异及年龄存在显著的交互作用(F=7.167,P<0.01);(3)在意识性及自动性提取比例上,年龄主效应达显著水平(F=6.06,P<0.05),意识性/自动性提取与本异族面孔差异之间交互作用显著(F=7.459,P<0.05),年龄、本异族面孔及意识性/自动性提取三者交互作用达显著水平(F=4.647,P<0.05);(4)儿童被试在加工异族面孔时意识性提取与自动提取呈正相关(r=0.568,P<0.01)。结论:(1)支持面孔识别的特殊性发展理论;(2)知觉专家理论更适合解释儿童异族效应机制;(3)成人在对面孔深加工的前提下,双加工理论能较好地解释其异族效应的产生。Objective：To distinguish conscious process and automatic process of face recognition and explore the mechanism.Methods：We explored the artificial classification accuracy and error rates and the conscious/automatic processing scale models in the own/other-race face recognition of 39 children and adults by using process dissocia-tion procedure（PDP）with the eastern faces and western faces.Results：①In the classification accuracy,the age effect was significant（F =5.744,P 〈0.05）;②In the classification error rate,the own/other race faces effect was significant （F =59.117,P 〈0.01）.The own/other race faces and age existed significant interaction（F =7.167,P 〈0.01）;③In consciousness and automatic extraction ratio,the main effect of age was significant（F =6.06,P 〈0.05 ）,conscious-ness /automatic extraction and the own/other faces interaction was significant （F =7.459,P 〈0.05）;Age,the own/other race faces and awareness / automatic extraction interactions reached significant level（F =4.647,P 〈0.05）;④Conscious extraction and automatic extraction were positively correlated（r =0.568,P 〈0.01）in children subjects in the processing of other race faces.Conclusion：①The results support the particular-development theory of face rec-ognition;②Perceptual expert theory is more suitable for children to explain the mechanism of other race effect;③When adults further process face dual process theory can well explain their other race effect.

关 键 词：面孔识别 意识加工 自动加工 异族效应 加工分离程序 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]