中学生健康危险行为特征及其与家庭因素的关系  

Health risk behavior and its association with family characteristics factors among middle school students

作　　者：齐文娟[1] 廉启国[2] 毛燕燕[2] 左霞云[2] 张妍[2] 罗珊[3] 张树成 楼超华[2] 周维谨[2] 涂晓雯[2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032 [2]上海市计划生育科学研究所 [3]四川大学华西第二医院 [4]国家卫生计生委科学技术研究所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2017年第6期812-815,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAI32B02)

摘　　要：目的了解中学生健康危险行为现状及其与家庭因素的关系,为更好地预防青少年健康危险行为提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,对全国7个省的8 746名中学生进行计算机辅助匿名自填问卷调查,分析家庭因素与中学生健康危险行为的关联。结果在调查的8种健康危险行为中,59.87%的中学生存在至少1种,35.33%的中学生存在至少2种;男生健康危险行为发生率(72.83%)高于女生(47.11%),高中生(62.87%)高于初中生(56.96%)(χ2值分别为602.019,31.739,P值均<0.01)。男生的健康危险行为与居住地为农村(OR=1.70,95%CI=1.42~2.04)、独生子女(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.66~0.92)、父亲大专以上学历(OR=0.68,95%CI=0.50~0.93)、与父亲关系不融洽(OR=1.85,95%CI=1.43~2.40)、与母亲关系不融洽(OR=1.50,95%CI=1.07~2.10)、父亲管教不严(OR=1.74,95%CI=1.24~2.46)有关;女生健康危险行为和与父亲关系不融洽(OR=1.56,95%CI=1.24~1.95)、与母亲关系不融洽(OR=1.92,95%CI=1.44~2.56)、父亲管教不严(OR=1.65,95%CI=1.24~2.19)以及家庭生活氛围不融洽(OR=2.68,95%CI=1.72~4.18)有关。结论打架、吸烟、饮酒、不良情绪等健康危险行为在中学生中普遍存在,亲子关系、父母管教、家庭氛围等过程性变量相较家庭结构变量对中学生行为影响更为明显。在预防中学生健康危险行为过程中应充分发挥家庭的作用。Objective To understand the prevalence of health risk behaviors（HRBs）,and its association with family factors among middle school students so that to provide theoretical basis for preventing HRBs among adolescents.Methods By using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling methods,8 746 middle school students were chosen from seven provinces to participate an anonymous computer assisted self-interview （CASI） anonymously,the association between family factors and their HRBs was analyzed.Results About 59.87% of the students were reported of at least one kind of HRB,and 35.33% of them engaged in of two or more HRBs.The prevalence of HRBs among boy students （72.83%） was higher than that among girl students（boy：72.83% vs girl：47.11%）,and the prevalence of HRBs among senior high school students （62.87%） was higher than that of junior high school students（56.96%） （P〈0.05） （senior：62.87% vs junior：56.96%）.The influence of family factors on HRB of boys and girls was slightly different.Factors significantly associated with HRB among boys were：rural resident（OR =1.70,95% CI=1.42-2.04）,the only child in the family（OR=0.78,95%CI=0.66-0.92）,having a father with college or higher education（OR=0.68,95% CI=0.50-0.93）,inharmonious relationship with father（OR =1.85,95% CI =1.43-2.40）,inharmonious relationship with mother （OR=1.50,95%CI=1.07-2.10） and lack of father＇s discipline（OR=1.74,95%CI=1.24-2.46）.Factors significantly associated with HRBs among girls were：inharmonious relationship with father（OR=1.56,95%CI=1.24-1.95）,inharmonious relationship with mother（OR=1.92,95%CI=1.44-2.56）,lack of father＇s discipline（OR=1.65,95%CI=1.24-2.19） and inharmonious atmosphere in family（OR=2.68,95%CI=1.72-4.18）.Conclusion HRBs such as fighting,smoking,drinking and having unhealthy emotions were common among middle school students.Parent-child relationship,parental discipline and family atmosphere have more obvious influence than family structure variab

关 键 词：危险行为 家庭 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：R-055[医药卫生] R195