癌干细胞是肿瘤生长和复发的根源  

Cancer stem cells are the origins of tumor growth and recurrences

作　　者：窦骏[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学医学院,南京210009

出　　处：《科学通报》2017年第17期1806-1814,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：肿瘤是起源于正常干细胞突变获得无限增殖能力形成的异常组织,但干细胞突变成癌细胞机制仍不完全清楚.研究发现,干细胞和肿瘤细胞有许多相似处,如自我更新和分化,提示两者之间有内在的联系.基于这一认识,人们假设肿瘤组织中存在稀少的具有干细胞特征的"肿瘤起始细胞"即癌干细胞或肿瘤干细胞(CSC),促使肿瘤发生,对维持肿瘤生长和复发起关键作用,即CSC学说.对该学说虽有争论,但存在的共识远多于争议,已被众多学者接受且应用到CSC的研究中,在认识CSC的"stemness"和靶向CSC治疗肿瘤领域取得了进展,现作简要介绍.The hypothesis that tumorigenic stem cells arises from the mutated stem cells suggests that cancer can be viewed as an aberrant organ initiated by tumorigenic cancer cells with stem-cell qualities. The tumor initiator cell or tumor stem cell/ cancer stem cell （CSC） is possible origins of normal stem cell or progenitor cells. The existence of such a CSC population may represent only a small fraction of a tumor possessing the ability to regenerate tumors through aberrant proliferation and self-renewal, but most cancer cells lack this ability. A central question in stem cell and CSC biology is, which ceils can be transformed to generate tumors？ With the growing evidence that CSC exist in malignancies of haematopoietic origin and in most solid tumors, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and differentiation because mutation of genes involved in these pathways likely participates in tumor growth. Studies of normal stem cell and CSC from the same tissue have suggested that the ontogeny of tumors. That signaling pathways such as Wnt, BMP and Notch have similar effects on normal stem cell and CSC self-renewal implys that common molecular pathways regulate both populations. Stem cell biology has provided a platform to address many questions in developmental biology. Further understanding the biology of stem cell, cancer cell, and CSC will contribute to the identification of molecular targets important for future therapies. To know the biology of CSC, we first should identify the unique characteristics of stem cells. A normal adult stem cell is defined as a somatic cell undergoing extensive cell division and has the potential to give rise to both stem cells and cells that differentiate into specialized cells. A normal stem cell must possess two qualities to play its natural function： self-renewal and differentiation. Self-renewal is an important ability of stem cells, indicating a special cell division that enables a stem cell to develop another s

关 键 词：干细胞 肿瘤干细胞 干性 复发 根源 

分 类 号：R730.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]