秸秆覆盖和滴灌制度对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of straw mulching and drip irrigation scheduling on photosynthetic characteristic and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：张彦群[1] 王建东[1] 龚时宏[1] 许迪[1] 孙继文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048 [2]山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,淄博255049

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第12期162-169,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD12B05);中国水科院基本科研业务费项目(ID0145B602017);国家自然科学基金项目(51309250)

摘　　要：确定不同滴灌和秸秆覆盖模式下的光合参数是理解其节水增产内因的基础。该研究通过4 a连续试验测定了覆盖和滴灌结合的6种处理(T1~T6分别表示低水覆盖、低水不覆盖、中水覆盖、中水不覆盖、高水覆盖和高水不覆盖处理)冬小麦旗叶的关键光合参数,并分析了光合参数处理间差异来源及其与作物产量的关系。结果表明:提高滴灌水量和覆盖处理能显著提高光合能力和最大羧化速率(P<0.05),而二者交互作用对光合参数影响不显著(P>0.1)。多重比较结果显示T5的光合参数最大(P<0.05);除2016年第一次测定外,T6和T3的相应值略低但与T5差异不显著(P>0.1);而T2的相应值则均显著低于T5(P<0.05),即高水处理下,覆盖与否对光合参数的影响不大,中水结合覆盖处理可使光合参数不显著降低,而低水处理下不覆盖则会使光合参数显著降低。处理间光合能力和最大羧化速率的差异能用叶片氮含量来解释,而所有年份的产量又均与光合能力和最大羧化速率分别线性相关(R^2>0.80)。因此,通过测定叶片氮含量,可以推算光合能力和最大羧化速率,研究结果可为产量估算提供参考。Determining the photosynthetic parameters is the basis for understanding the physiological causes of water saving and yield increasing under drip irrigation modes. In this study, intrinsic photosynthetic parameters were determined during four years experiments in winter wheat field treated with six drip irrigation modes （T1 to T6, stands for treatments of lower irrigation amount with straw mulch, lower irrigation amount without straw mulch, moderate irrigation amount with straw mulch, moderate irrigation amount without straw mulch, higher irrigation amount with straw mulch, and higher irrigation amount without straw mulch, respectively）. The differences in photosynthetic parameters among treatments were statistically analyzed, and the correlations between photosynthetic parameters and crop yield were analyzed. The results showed that increasing irrigation amount and straw mulch enhanced the apparent photon quantum efficiency （a）, photosynthetic capacity （Amax）, maximum carboxylation rate （Vcmax） and maximum electron transfer rate （Jmax）, respectively. However, the interaction effects of irrigation amount and mulching on photosynthetic parameters were not significant （p 〉 0.1）. The effect of drip irrigation on apparent quantum efficiency （a） was significant （P 〈 0.05） during the late periods of the heading and grain filling stages, while the effect of straw mulch on a was not significant （P 〉 0.1）. The effect of straw mulch and drip irrigation on Amax show significant （P 〈 0.05） seasonal differences. The effects of drip irrigation on Vcmax and -/max were significant （P 〈 0.05） during the mid-season periods of the heading and grain filling stages, while the effects of straw mulch were significant （P 〈 0.05） during the later periods of the heading and grain filling stages. The results of multiple comparisons showed that the photosynthetic parameters of T5 were the highest （P 〈 0.05）. Except for the measurements in 2016, the corresponding values of T6

关 键 词：作物 灌水 光合作用 冬小麦 秸秆覆盖 叶片氮含量 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]