两种不同配置灌木林防风固沙效益  

Benefits of Windbreak and Sand Fixation from Two Kinds of Shrubs

作　　者：刘虎俊[1,2] 袁宏波[1] 王多泽[1] 刘淑娟[1] 郭春秀[1] 马瑞[2] 李学敏[1] 刘开琳[1] 万翔[1] 李菁菁[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省治沙研究所甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治重点实验室省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2017年第3期63-66,74,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"仿真固沙灌木构型及配置的防风固沙效应(31260201);"干旱内陆沙区丘间地植被生态过程及其驱动机制"(31460223);"基于土壤水分承载力的防风固沙林密度配置格局与防护效应研究"(31460221);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目([2015]ZYTG5)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨退化梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林和仿真灌木+梭梭灌木林对风沙流的风速、输沙通量及其沙粒的分布影响,为干旱区退化的防风固沙林功能恢复和建立提供参考。[方法]同时测定不同高度下裸沙地、仿真灌木+梭梭林和梭梭林的风速、输沙通量及其沙粒径,比较分析其风速消减率、输沙通量变化及沙粒度随高度分布。[结果]在风速3.0~8.9m/s范围,仿真灌木+梭梭林内的20cm高度的风速平均削减率达到61.35%。梭梭林的输沙通量是仿真灌木+梭梭林的1.5倍,裸沙地平均输沙通量是仿真灌木+梭梭林输沙通量的4.13倍。梭梭林与仿真灌木+梭梭林的输沙通量随高度变化都呈指数递减,其风沙流含沙量及沙粒度的空间变化在10cm以下较大。[结论]仿真灌木+梭梭林降低了林地风沙流中黏粉粒(≤0.02mm)向空气中输送量,改变了风沙流的沙粒度空间结构,迫使风沙流的输沙集中在较低层。[Objective] The benefits from two kinds of sand fixing shrub, Haloxylon ammodendron and H. ammodendron plus imitative shrub with regard to wind velocity, transported sand volume and transported sand diameter were illustrated to provide references for functional recovery and reestablishment of windbreak and sand fixation forest in arid region.[Methods] Wind speed, transported sand and sand diameter were observed simultaneously in stands of bare sandy land, H. ammodendron shrub and H. ammodendron plus imitative shrub. Their variations caused by the two shrubs were analyzed.[Results] The average reduction rate of wind velocity was 61.35% at the height of 20 cm when wind velocity was 3.0 to 8.9 m/s. The sand transporting quantities of H. ammodendron shrub and bare sandy land were 1.5 and 4.13 times of H. ammodendron plus imitative shrub. The sand transport rates of H. ammodendron forest and H. ammodendron plus imitative shrub both reduced with the height by exponential function. The wind-transported volume of sand and sand diameter grade shifted by wind in the two shrubs was both greater under 10 cm shrub height.[Conclusion] As resulted from the change of spatial distribution of wind-sand flux, the content of fine sandy grain （diameter ≤ 0.02 mm） was reduced, it was mainly concentrated in lower layer.

关 键 词：防风固沙灌木林结构 风沙流结构 输沙通量 沙粒度 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]