不同土壤pH对蓝莓光合作用的影响  

Effects of Different Soil pH on Photosynthesis of Blueberries

作　　者：皇甫诗男 高庆玉[1] 张丙秀[1] 魏媛媛[1] 张宇[1] 张昭[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学园艺园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第13期31-37,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201103037)

摘　　要：以3年生盆栽蓝莓"北陆""都克""喜来""伯克利"为试材,采用硫磺粉调节土壤pH,测定不同土壤pH处理(pH 3.42、4.27、4.75、5.84、6.83)对4个蓝莓品种当年生枝条上叶片的光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数等叶片光合生理指标的影响,为蓝莓大面积栽培于黑龙江省提供参考依据。结果表明:4个品种蓝莓叶片叶绿素含量及净光合速率(Pn)随着pH的升高呈先升高后降低趋势;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈相反趋势,并在pH 4.75时达最佳值;气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)无明显变化;叶绿素含量以"伯克利">"北陆">"都克",Pn以"北陆">"都克">"伯克利">"喜来","喜来"叶片的光合作用受土壤pH影响最大;最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSII最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)随着pH的升高呈先升高再降低变化趋势,初始荧光(Fo)则相反,先降低再升高。荧光参数测定结果表明,pH 3.42、6.83时蓝莓叶片受到较大的光抑制,此时蓝莓会将过多的光能以热能形式损失。综上所述,pH 4.75最适宜蓝莓生长;4个品种的光合作用比较,"喜来"受土壤pH影响较大,"北陆""都克""伯克利"适应性强。The three- year-old blueberry of ＇ Northland＇ ＇ Duke＇ ＇ Sierra ＇ ＇ Berkeley＇ were used as test materials,via potted method, using sulfur powder to adjust soil p H, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under annual branches leaves in different soil pH treatment （pH 3.42,4. 27, 4. 75,5.84,6.83） determined. Photosynthetic physiological changes of blueberry leaf under different pH were studied, to provide theoretical guidance for the production of large-area cultivation of high quality blueberry to choose suitable pH of soil. The results showed that four species of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate （Pn） firstly decreased then rised with pH increasing and intercellular CO2 concentration with counter trend, both achieved optimal value in T3 treatment, while no significant changes in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Chlorophyll content order was ＇ Berkeley＇ ~ ＇ Northland＇ ~ ＂Duke＇, net photosynthetic rate order was ＇ Northland＇ ＂Duke＇ ＇Berkeley＇ ＇Sierra＇. Photosynthesis of ＇Sierra＇ was most affected by soil pH. Fro, Fv, Fv/Fm, ФPSⅡ value were first up and then down with increase pH trends, Fo value showed the opposite trend. Fluorescence parameters showed blueberries blade subject to greater light suppression under pH 3.42 and pH 6.83, and too many blueberries energy dissipated as heat. Overall, the most appropriate growth of blueberries was pH 4. 75. ＇Sierra＇ was greatly influenced by soil pH, ＇Northland＇ ＇Duke ＇Sierra＇ and ＇Berkeley＇ had greater adaptability.

关 键 词：蓝莓 土壤PH 光合作用 

分 类 号：S663.2[农业科学—果树学]