因病信教农民的宗教心理及其演变 试论把握“信念”概念对理解中国农村宗教实践的启示  

The Psychology of Peasant Religious Conversion for the Purpose of Disease Control:The Role of “Belief” in Understanding Chinese Rural Religious Practices

作　　者：周浪[1] 孙秋云[1] ZHOU Lang SUN Qiuyun(ZHOU Lang, Department of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology SUN Qiuyun, Department of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会》2017年第4期1-31,共31页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：华中科技大学研究生创新基金"乡村社会中疾病与宗教信仰关系的研究"(3007404102)的资助~~

摘　　要：本文通过对苏北望村基督徒因病信教现象的考察,关注信教农民的宗教心理及其演变。用"信念"来把握农民"信"的起点心理,它蕴含了个体面临生命困境时寻求宗教帮助并对之赋以期许的自然心态和家庭伦理。"信念"的宗教建构、"信念"的情感嵌入以及"信仰"要求三个宗教操演环节促使个体心理的由俗入圣。基于原有病型及其疗效基础上的个体与宗教间的互动,信徒发生了信念坍塌、信念过渡和信仰升级三种类型的心理分化。"信念"操演与分化构成了农民宗教心理演变的机理,也形塑了农民的信仰方式。文章进一步探讨"信念"对于理解中国农村宗教实践中的个体宗教心理、宗教皈信、宗教复兴等议题所具有的启发。This paper focuses on the religious psychology of peasants who undergo religious conversion in order to cure an illness or disease. Field research was conducted in Wang village in Northern Jiangsu, examining the psychology of newly converted peasants. In academic circles psychology of peasants is usually critiqued according to utility and rationality, in this essay belief is a starting point for understanding the psychology of peasants. The natural mentality and family ethics of the peasants lead them to place high expectations on religion as a tool for curing disease and facing lifetime dilemmas. The three levels of religious practice include： religious construction of ＂belief＂, emotional embedding of ＂belief＂ and ＂faith＂. These requirements lead to a transformation of the individual＇s psychological status from secular to religious. Based on the interaction between individuals and religion which is affected by the initial disease and its seriousness, peasants＇religious psychology is divided into three types： the collapse of belief, transition of belief and upgrade of belief. The rituals and different attitudes towards belief constitute the mechanism of developing religious psychology, and also shape peasants＂ attitude towards faith. Furthermore, this paper also explores the role of ＂belief＂ in understanding individual religious psychology, religious conversion and religious revival in Chinese rural religious practices.

关 键 词：因病信教 宗教心理 信念 操演与分化 

分 类 号：B911[哲学宗教—宗教学] C912.82[经济管理]