奇妙节丛孢的分离及对捻转血矛线虫幼虫和秀丽隐杆线虫捕食过程的观察  

Isolation of Arthrobotrys thaumasia and observation of the predatory process of the fungal isolate to the larvae of Haemonchus contortus and free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

作　　者：胡黔林[1] 王波波[1] 许强[1] 王帆[1] 方文秀[1] 蔡彬[1] 张超[1] 刘艳秋[1] 曾嘉庆[1] 张海燕[1] 王海玉[1] 刘洋[1] 蔡葵蒸[1] 曹欣[1] HU Qian-lin WANG Bo-bo XU Qiang WANG Fan FANG Wen-xiu CAI Bin ZHANG Chao LIU Yan-qiu ZENG Jia-qing ZHANG Hai-yan WANG Hai-yu LIU Yang CAI Kui-zheng CAO Xin(College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, Chin)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《中国兽医科学》2017年第7期817-824,共8页Chinese Veterinary Science

基　　金：西北民族大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(201610742065);国家自然科学基金项目(31660708)

摘　　要：本研究从牛羊放牧草地土壤、粪堆、厩舍土壤及林地土壤中分离捕食线虫性真菌奇妙节丛孢菌(Arthrobotrys thaumasia),并进一步了解分离株对线虫的捕食过程。首先,使用诱饵平板技术分离奇妙节丛孢菌;然后,借助扫描电镜对NBS005分离株与绵羊捻转血矛线虫的幼虫及自由生活线虫秀丽隐杆线虫的捕杀动态学及相互作用进行观察。结果显示,在1 532份与牛羊相关的样品中分离出11株奇妙节丛孢菌,检出率为0.71%(11/1 532)。扫描电镜观察显示,加入试验线虫后第6小时,该菌产生捕食结构并开始捕捉试验线虫。其中,二期幼虫(L2)于捕捉后第8小时被真菌刺入角质层,第30小时虫体明显皱缩,提示虫体正处于消化过程,第78小时虫体被消化完全;第三期的感染性幼虫(L3)于捕捉后第12小时被真菌穿透,第42小时虫体表面皱缩,第84小时虫体消化完全;秀丽隐杆线虫于捕捉后第7小时被真菌刺入并明显皱缩,第12小时虫体严重皱缩,第18小时消化完全。以上结果表明,本研究中所分离的真菌属于奇妙节丛孢菌,该菌捕捉以上三种类型的线虫后,真菌对线虫捕食作用的时间随着线虫类型不同而有差异。Nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys thaumasia was isolated from the fresh feces,pasture soil,dung compost and barn soil,and the predating process of fungal isolates to nematodes was observed in this study.The study was divided into two steps：one was to isolate Arthrobotrys thaumasia using baited plate technique,and the other was to observe the dynamics predating process of A.thaumasia to the larvae of Haemonchus contortus and free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans through scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The results of fungal isolation indicated that eleven isolates of A.thaum-asia were isolated from 1 532 samples associated with cattle and sheep,and the detection frequencies in total samples were 0.71%（11/1 532）.The results of SEM showed that at 6 h after the nematodes tested were added,A.thaumasia isolate produced predatory structures and initially caught them.The cuticle of second stage larvae（L2） was penetrated by the fungus at 8 h post-captured,the L2 surface shrinked clearly at 30 h, which indicated that its inside organs were digesting,and L2 was completely destroyed at 78 h.The third stage infective larvae（L3） was penetrated by the fungus at 12 h post-caputred,the surface of body was shrinked at 42 hour and L3 was completely destroyed at 84 h.At 7 h post-captured,C.elegans was penetrated by the fungus and the cuticle clearly shrinked on cuticle,it seriously collapsed at 12 h and was completely digested at 18 h.Those results suggest that the fungus isolated in the present study belonged to A.thaumasia,which was able to prey three kinds of nematodes mentioned above.However,the predatory time of A.thaumasia varied with different types of nematodes.

关 键 词：奇妙节丛孢 捻转血矛线虫 秀丽隐杆线虫 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：S852.66[农业科学—基础兽医学]