阅读中词汇视觉编码年老化的原因:基于消失文本实验的证据  

Exploring the Reasons of Aging Effect on Encoding Multiple Words during Chinese Reading: Evidence from Disappearing Text

作　　者：苏永强[1] 付福音 刘志方[1] 陈朝阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系,宁波315211

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2017年第4期433-440,共8页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目成果(15YJC190014);省教育科学规划课题(2015SCG103);宁波大学人文社会科学培育项目研究成果

摘　　要：研究采用消失文本范式、操控双词消失的延迟时间,考察中文读者编码两个相邻词汇(词n与词n+1)视觉信息的年老化问题。结果发现,从40 ms延迟时间至160 ms延迟时间的所有消失条件均不影响青年人的句子总阅读时间,这意味着青年人能够并行、快速地同时编码词n与词n+1的视觉信息;而所有消失条件都影响老年人的句子阅读时间,40 ms延迟时间消失条件对总阅读时间的影响程度甚于其他较长延迟时间的消失文本条件,80ms、120 ms和160 ms延迟时间消失条件对总阅读时间的影响程度完全相同。由这些结果可以确定,中文阅读中词汇视觉编码的年老化同时受视觉与认知因素衰退的影响。The effect of aging on the process of word encoding for fixated words and words presented to the right of the fixation point during reading of sentences in Chinese was investigated with a disappearing text experiment. The results showed that 40 to 160 ms onset of disappearance manipulations, all of these did not cause disruptions to young adults, which suggested that young readers encode the word n and n ＋ 1 parallel, but these conditions made old readers spend more time reading a sentence compared to the normal display condition with the more immediate disappearing onset was more disruptive to text processing. Specifically, the 40 ms onset of disappearance manipula- tions disrupted reading time most seriously, but the 80 ms, 120 ms and 160 ms onset of disappearance manipula- tions disrupted reading time almost equally. The results of present experiment indicated a reliable aging effect on the process of multiple words visual encoding in the perceptual span when reading Chinese, and that sensory and cognitive factors are important contributors to these age-related differences.

关 键 词：中文阅读 词汇编码 年老化 眼动 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]