秸秆还田下不同施氮方式对国麦301产量及其构成因素的影响  

Effect of Different Nitrogen Application Methods on Grain Yield and Its Components of Guomai 301 under Straw Returning

作　　者：倪永静 贺群岭 赵敬领 连少英 朱培培 胡新 

机构地区：[1]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2017年第7期1120-1123,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(161100110400);河南省科技成果转化项目(N142201110026)

摘　　要：为了大面积推广秸秆还田技术,于2013—2014年在商丘市夏邑县进行玉米秸秆100%粉碎还田与6种不同施氮方式相结合的随机区组试验,研究秸秆还田下不同施氮方式对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田条件下不同施氮方式对国麦301产量及其构成因素均有极显著影响;产量与施氮量呈二次曲线关系,r=0.978 0**。成穗数、穗粒数和产量均以N3(施氮量262.5 kg/hm^2)处理下达最高值,N4(施氮量300.0 kg/hm^2)处理产量与N3处理间无显著差异;在施氮总量225.0 kg/hm^2条件下,N2(基追比5∶5)处理的穗粒数、千粒质量比N5(农民传统施氮方式,基追比7∶3)处理分别增加10.7%,6.05%,差异达极显著水平;N2处理的成穗数、产量与N5处理之间无显著性差异。综合研究结果,中产田秸秆还田条件下,最适施氮量为262.5 kg/hm^2。To promote the technology of straw mulching, the effects of different nitrogen application methods on grain yield and its components of wheat under straw returning was studied using random block experiment design in Xiayi county of Shangqiu city during2013-2014. The results showed that it had extremely significant effect on wheat yield and its components of Guomai 301. The yield and the amount of nitrogen showed a two curve relationship, r =0.978 0＊＊. Spike number, grain number per ears and grain yield reached maximum in N3（the amount of nitrogen was 262.5 kg/hm^2）, and it was no significant difference between N4（the amount of nitrogen was300 kg/hm^2）and N3. Under the condition of total nitrogen application 225.0 kg/hm^2, grain number and 1 000-grain quality of N2（base topdressing ratio of 5 ∶5） than N5（traditional farmers method base topdressing ratio of 7 ∶3） increased by 10.7% and 6.05%,respectively, and the difference were extremely significant. There were no significant difference in spike number and grain yield of N2 and N5. According to the results, the optimum nitrogen application rate was 262.5 kg/hm^2 under straw completely crushing and returning in medium fertility farmland.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 施氮方式 基追比 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]