4种农林废弃物代替木屑工厂化栽培白玉菇研究  

Study on 4 Kinds of Farming and Forestry Residues Instead of Sawdust in Factory Cultivation of White Hypsizygus marmoreus

作　　者：邹俊平[1] 李挺[1] 宋斌[1] 许喜佳 黄浩[1] 郑永发 贝淑琴 韦曼华 梅亮添 

机构地区：[1]广东省微生物研究所省部共建华南应用微生物国家重点实验室广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室广东省微生物应用新技术公共实验室,广东广州510070 [2]韶关市星河生物科技有限公司,广东韶关512136 [3]广东富阳生物科技有限公司,广东河源517000

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2017年第4期18-22,共5页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：中央财政农业科技成果转化资金项目(2014GB2E000057);广东省科技项目(2013A090100005);中科院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室项目(SKLM 2013-2015)

摘　　要：以4种农林废弃物(谷壳、互叶白千层树渣、金针菇菌糠、白玉菇菌糠)按不同的比例替代木屑栽培白玉菇,通过对白玉菇菌丝体的生长速度、子实体特性和生物学效率等进行评价,筛选出最佳的可替代木屑的白玉菇栽培原料。结果显示,在含有互叶白千层树渣的培养料中,白玉菇的菌丝体生长速度较快,白玉菇子实体朵形较好,菌盖直径、菌柄长度、单株平均鲜重和生物学效率均优于其他3种农林废弃物。当以互叶白千层树渣全部代替木屑时,白玉菇菌丝体的生长速度最快,29 d长满培养瓶,子实体菌柄长度、菌盖直径及单株平均鲜重达到最大值,分别为9.75 cm、2.78 cm和167.2 g。本研究结果表明互叶白千层树渣为木屑的最佳替代物,且当全部代替木屑时,白玉菇产量最高;谷壳和白玉菇菌糠次之,金针菇菌糠的效果最差。As substitution of sawdusts, the best-fit raw materials from four kinds of farming and forestry residues （cereal chaff, residues of Melaleuca cdternifolia, spent mushroom substrate of Flammulina velutipes and white Hypsizygus marmoreus） were optimized and selected by measuring mycelia growth rate, stipe length, pileus diameter and fruiting body biological efficiency at different proportions for industrial cultivation of white H. marrnoreus. The results showed that the mycelia growth rate, pileus di- ameter, stipe length, average fresh weight, biological efficiency were higher when growing on the substrate mixed with the residues of M. alternifolia, and the fruiting body shape of white H. marmoreus was also better than that growing on the other three different residues. When sawdusts were completely replaced by residues of M. altemifolia, the highest mycelial growth rate （full of the flask within 29 days）, longest stipe （9.75 cm）, largest pileus （2.78 cm） and highest average fresh weight per fruit body （167.2 g） of white H. marmoreus were revealed. These results indicated that the best-fit raw materials were the residuesof M. alternifolia, followed by cereal chaff and the residues of white H. marmoreus and the residues of F. velutipes. When saw- dusts were completely replaced by the residues of M. alternifolia, the yield of white H. marmoreus was highest.

关 键 词：白玉菇 生物学效率 互叶白千层树渣 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]