湘西典型锰渣库主要优势植物种类及重金属耐性特征  

Species and Heavy Metal Tolerance of Main Dominant Plants in Manganse Mine Tailings,Xiangxi

作　　者：李凤梅[1] 杨胜香[1] 曹建兵 彭清静[1] 符待君 龙华来 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院锰锌矿业重金属污染综合防治技术湖南省工程实验室锰锌钒产业技术协同创新中心,湖南吉首416000 [2]花垣县环境保护局,湖南花垣416400

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第4期107-113,共7页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41561076;No.41471257;No.21266008);湖南省科技计划重点项目(No.2016SK2039);湖南省研究生科研创新项目资助(No.CX2016B29);湘西自治州科技计划项目(州科字[2016]39号)

摘　　要：【目的】采取植被重建方法治理锰渣库重金属污染。【方法】全面调查了湘西典型锰矿区的植被资源,并对矿区的主要优势植物及根际土进行了重金属检测分析。【结果】湘西锰渣库现有高等植物35种,隶属32个属,15个科,其中空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、野菊(Chrysanthemum indicum)、加拿大飞蓬(Erigeron canadensis)、鸭跖草(Commelina communis)、商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)、日本看麦娘(Alopecurus japonicus)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、狗尾草(Setaria plicata)、魁蒿(Artemisia princeps)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)等11种植物为湘西典型锰矿区的优势植物,植物体内重金属镉、锰、铅和锌的含量均高于正常植物重金属含量,为重金属耐性物种。锰矿区土壤中镉、锰、铅和锌平均含量分别为22.15,7 442.16,824.04和1 096.64 mg·kg-1,明显高于国家土壤质量三级标准和湖南省土壤重金属元素背景值。对优势植物重金属含量的分析表明,野菊、鸭跖草、商陆、日本看麦娘、狗尾草、马唐的重金属转移系数大于1,表现出较强的向茎叶转移的能力,具有重金属蓄积的特征,可用于重金属轻度污染土壤的修复。空心莲子草、鬼针草、加拿大飞蓬、狗牙根、魁蒿的重金属转移系数小于1,表明它们向茎叶转移重金属的能力较差,具有重金属规避特征,可用于重金属重度污染土壤的修复。【结论】重金属规避型植物适合种植在重金属污染严重、使用价值相对较低、面积较大的矿山废弃地。[Purposes]To revegetate the manganese mine tailings. [Methods]An extensive vegetation survey was carried out in the typical manganese mine tailings in Xiangxi and determination of heavy metals in plants and the corresponding soils were applied. [Findings]There were 35 species belonging to 32 genera and 15 families in the typical manganese mine tailings, Xiangxi. The main dominant species were Alternanthera philoxeroides, Bidens pilosa, Chrysanthemum indicum, Erigeron Canadensis, Commelina communis, Phytolacca acinosa, Alopecurus japonicus, Cynodon dactylon and Setaria plicata, Artemisia princeps, Digitaria sanguinalis. The concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn in these plants were over than that in the plants which lived in normal soil. These plants can adapt to the unfavorable edaphic conditions of the manganese mine tailings and were tolerant to heavy metals. And the average content of Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the mine tailings was 22.15, 7 442.16, 824.04, 1096.64 mg · kg^-1 , respectively, which were obviously over Soil Environmental Quality Standard Three and distinctly higher than the mean value of the four heavy metal elements （Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn） in the control to the Hunan Province＇s level. C. indicum, C. communis, P. acinosa, A. japonicus, S. plicata and D. sanguinalis whose transter factors（TFs） were over 1 absorbed and transferred metals to the shoots, which indicated that they can be used to clean up the soils containing light to moderate toxic metal concentration. A. philoxeroides, B. pilosa, E. Canadensis, C. dactylon and A. princes whose TFs were less than 1 absorbed and held metals in the roots, which suggested that they were suitable for remediation of the mine land with high heavy metals concentration, including mine tailings. [Conclusions] The excluder was more suitable for remediation of the mine wastelands with high heavy metal concentration, low-value and extensive area.

关 键 词：锰渣库 优势植物 重金属耐性 湘西 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820