新型城镇化背景下中国区域生态效率分析  

An analysis of regional eco-efficiency in China under the background of new-type urbanization

作　　者：郑慧[1,2] 贾珊[1] 赵昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,青岛266100 [2]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171

出　　处：《资源科学》2017年第7期1314-1325,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71503238);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71373247)

摘　　要：新型城镇化要体现绿色、低碳、节能等特点,生态文明成为区域新型城镇化建设推进的必然选择。本文基于2006-2015年中国30个省区的面板数据,首先采用考虑非期望产出的超效率DEA模型计算了中国省际区域生态效率,进一步利用Malmquist-Luenberger指数对生态效率进行分解,探寻其变化的内在驱动因素,最后建立城镇化背景下外部环境因素对区域生态效率影响的面板Tobit模型,得出城镇化对区域生态效率的实质影响。结果表明:(1)中国省际区域生态效率整体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并且存在由东部向中西部递减的格局;(2)技术进步是提升区域生态效率的关键因素,规模效率是抑制生态效率提升的主要因素,且规模效率对三大地区的影响具有区域特征;(3)城镇化率对东部生态效率存在先负向后正向的作用,而对中部和西部还未体现促进作用。产业结构、技术进步、能源结构和环境政策等因素也从不同方向、程度上对区域生态效率产生影响。据此,从优化产能结构、推进节能减排措施等方面提出了提高中国省际区域生态效率的对策建议。New-type urbanization should reflect features of green, low-carbon and energy saving, therefore ecological civilization has become a necessary select to construct regional new-type urbanization. This paper has firstly utilized super-efficiency DEA model considering undesirable outputs to calculate the regional eco-efficiency of 30 provinces in China excepting Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Tibet, using statistics collected from year 2006 to 2015. And further use the Malmquist-Luenberger index to decompose the eco-efficiency and explore the intemal driving factors of its change. Finally, the panel Tobit model of regional ecological efficiency under the background of urbanization is established to study the substantial impact on the regional eco- efficiency. The results show that： @the average level of China＇ s eco-efficiency has an increase then a reduction which shows a decreasing tendency from eastern area to central and westem areas; @the technological progress is a key factor in enhancing regional eco-efficiency, while the scale efficiency is the main factor to suppress the improvement of eco- efficiency, meanwhile, the effect of scale efficiency on the three regions has regional characteristics： the eastern and western parts are in a scale of non-economic stage and the central part in the stage of economies of scale; @the urbanization rate has a positive and then a negative effect on the eco-efficiency of the eastern, but this does not exist in the west and central during the study period. Meanwhile, the technical progress has a positive effect on the eco-efficiency of the eastem and central regions, and the energy structure has a negative effect on the eco-efficiency across the country. However, the industrial structure and environmental policy have an impact on regional eco-efficiency to various degrees and in different directions. Accordingly, optimizing the capacity structure, impelling energy conservation and emission reduction and other suggestions have been put forward to advance the regional eco-e

关 键 词：区域生态效率 城镇化 US-DEA模型 ML指数 面板Tobit模型 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济] F299.21[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X22