抗病毒多肽药物的研究进展  

The Research Progress of Antiviral Peptides

作　　者：徐君[1] 周长林[1] 窦洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《药物生物技术》2017年第3期249-254,共6页Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81673483)

摘　　要：目前临床上有多种抗病毒药物,但是大部分病毒感染仍然无法完全治愈。最早在先天免疫系统中发现多肽可以抵御微生物感染。近年来在动物、植物、微生物体内相继发现了大量的抗菌肽和抗病毒肽。常见的抗菌肽大都具有广谱抗菌活性,通过破坏细菌的细胞膜,导致内容物泄露来发挥抑菌作用。另外,多肽也可通过抑制病毒侵入、病毒蛋白合成以及提高宿主免疫功能等方面来发挥抗病毒效应,为抗病毒药物的研发提供了新的来源。多肽的疏水性、电荷量、两亲性和分子质量主要影响多肽的成药性,而合适的多肽药物还应具有低毒性和高选择性的特征。文章综述了近年来研究的具有抑制单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、甲型流感病毒(IVA)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)活性的多肽分子药物,并阐明其抗病毒活性和机理,可为抗病毒多肽药物的研究提供新思路。Although there are currently fewer than one hundred kinds of antiviral drugs,the virus infection can＇t be cured complete- ly. These drugs are used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, hepatitis C virus infection, etc. Peptides were first discovered as a component of innate immune system against micro- bial invasion. A series of natural biological peptides with antitumor, antiviral or antibacterial activities in animals, plants and microor- ganisms have been studied in recent years. Anti-bacterial peptides exhibit broad inhibition effect by destroying the membrane of bac- terial and leading to the leakage of content. Peptides attracted more attentions for their high activities and less drug-resistance. Many potential peptides are being developed into drugs, but they are also limited by high price, poor stability and less source. There are few peptide drugs in clinical experiment. The recent advances of polypeptide molecular drugs and their targets,involving anti-herpes sim- plex virus （HSV） ,human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） , influenza virus A （IVA） and hepatitis C virus （HCV） peptides were summarized. Their antiviral activity and mechanism were also elucidated. Peptides with antiviral activity can be divided into three main groups. Firstly, entry blocker peptides bind to virus glycoprotein and prevent virus-cell fusion. Second, peptides exhibit virucidal activity by disrupting viral envelopes. Finally, a third set of peptides interact with host cells and modulate immune response. The balance between hydrophobicity and the charge is an important marker of possible therapeutical application of peptides as well as amphipaticity and molecular mass. The appropriate peptide candidates should have low toxicity and high selectivity. Up to date, anti- viral activities and mechanisms of peptides have been comprehensively studied. Here, we present a review of the current literature describing the antiviral peptides a

关 键 词：多肽 抗病毒 病毒包膜 病毒表面糖蛋白 吸附融合 免疫调节 

分 类 号：Q516[生物学—生物化学]