三种药用甘草种子位置效应对幼苗建植特性的影响  

Effects of seed position on seedling establishment in three medicinal licorice species

作　　者：韩春[1] 陆嘉惠[1,2,3] 周玲玲[1] 牛清东 宋凤[1] 王跃[1] 杨旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [3]石河子大学甘草研究所,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《草业学报》2017年第7期128-137,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260042)资助

摘　　要：通过对甘草属3种植物,光果甘草、胀果甘草、乌拉尔甘草植株不同部位种子的萌发特性、幼苗生长特性、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数的测定和比较,探讨了3种药用甘草植株不同部位种子的萌发策略、幼苗的生长适应性,为更清楚地认识甘草属植物种子萌发与幼苗建植策略提供科学依据。结果表明,1)光果甘草植株中、上部,胀果甘草和乌拉尔甘草植株中、下部种子具有较高的出苗率,是种子繁殖的主要保障,但存活率无差异。2)具有较高出苗率的种子萌发形成的幼苗具有较大的生物量、较长的根长,且根冠比也相对较高,其分配到地下部分生物量多于地上部分,发达的根系可增强幼苗的抗逆性和对环境的适应性;而地上部分叶片的叶绿素相对含量、可变荧光(Fv)、最大荧光产量(Fm)、PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在的光化学活性(Fv/F0)和光反应阶段电子传递的速率也相对较高,荧光动力学曲线也反映出其具有较强的荧光强度、电子捕获和光能利用率,进而增强了幼苗建植能力。3)具有较低出苗率的种子萌发形成的幼苗具有较高的株高,较多的叶片数,可以通过优先占领空间和光源来维持生长。综上所述,3种药用甘草不同位置的种子具有不同种子萌发和幼苗生长策略,这对野生甘草自然种群的幼苗建植和种群更新有着重要的生态学意义。The position effect of seeds within a plant is a common phenomenon,but its influence on seed germination and seedling establishment is not well known.The objective of this study was to determine whether there were differences in seed germination strategies and seedling growth among seeds obtained from different（upper,middle,and lower）positions of the plant for three medicinal licorice species（Glycyrrhiza glabra,Glycyrrhiza inflata,Glycyrrhiza uralensis）.Seeds were collected from different positions on the plant,and then seed germination,seedling growth,seedling chlorophyll content,and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured.The main findings can be summarized as follows：1）In G.glabra,the seedling emergence rates were higher for seeds from upper and middle positions than for seeds from the lower position.For G.inflate and G.uralensis,the seedling emergence rates were higher for seeds from middle and lower positions than for those from the upper position.The seedling survival rate did not differ significantly among the different collection positions.2）The seedlings from the seeds with a high seedling emergence rate had higher total biomass,root length,and root∶shoot ratio than those of other seedlings,and a larger proportion of their biomass was allocated to below-ground parts,which can enhance seedling resistance and environmental adaptability.The seedling chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters（Fv,Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv/F0,electron transmission speed in the light reaction）were also higher in seedlings from seeds with a high seedling emergence rate.In addition,the fluorescence kinetics curve showed that these seedlings had a strong fluorescence intensity and high electron and light capture rates,which can enhance seedling establishment.In contrast,the seedlings from seeds with a low seedling emergence rate had greater plant height and more leaves to occupy space and intercept light.These results indicate that the seeds from different positions on the plant have different germination and

关 键 词：药用甘草 种子 位置效应 幼苗建植 

分 类 号：S567.71[农业科学—中草药栽培]