氮磷配施对玉米-大豆套作模式下种间作用、玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响  

Effects of combined applications of nitrogen and phosphorus on interspecies interaction,yield,and dry matter accumulation and translocation in maize in a maize-soybean relay intercropping system

作　　者：曾瑾汐 文熙宸[1] Muhammad Ali Raza 陈国鹏[1] 陈诚[1] 彭霄[1] 马艳玮 李丽[1] 官思成 杨文钰[1] 王小春[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《草业学报》2017年第7期166-176,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金："西南丘陵旱地粮油作物节水节肥节药综合技术集成与示范"(20150312705);"四川省育种攻关"项目(2016NYZ0051-2);成都市农业技术成果应用示范项目(2015-NY01-00100-NC)资助

摘　　要：以盆栽和田间小区试验结合的方法,通过设置根系分隔与不分隔方式及不同供氮(0、120、180、240kg/hm^2,记为N_0、N_(120)、N_(180)、N_(240))、供磷水平(0、35、70、105kg/hm2,记为P_0、P_(35)、P_(70)、P_(105)),探究在玉米-大豆套作模式下氮磷配施对种间作用、玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响。结果表明,1)氮磷互作效应对带状套作系统的种间促进作用显著,配施可缓解玉米与大豆的种间竞争作用,提高套作系统土地当量比率、种间竞争力和营养竞争比率,促进玉米对氮、磷素的吸收,表现出显著的套作产量优势和资源利用优势(LER>1),且优势效应高于单施氮、磷肥。2)氮磷互作对玉米各生育期干物质积累量的影响呈峰形变化趋势,中氮中磷(N_(180)P_(70))处理可显著降低花前干物质的积累量,增加成熟期干物质积累总量,促进花后干物质积累向籽粒转运,提高玉米收获指数。3)种间作用和氮磷互作可显著影响玉米产量,提高套作玉米有效穗和穗粒数,两种植模式中无论施肥与否,在套作条件下玉米的产量均高于净作,且在N_(180)P_(70)处理时玉米产量达到最大值,套作较净作增产幅度达1.65%~20.43%。本研究结果表明,套作模式下玉米氮磷配施以施氮180kg/hm^2、施磷70kg/hm^2时,种间促进作用显著,可改善其穗部性状,有利于成熟期干物质的积累和向籽粒的转运,最终获得较高的产量。The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on maize in a maize-soybean relay intercropping system.A pot experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014,and interspecies interactions,dry matter production and accumulation,and grain yield were assessed.The experiment consisted of four nitrogen levels[N_0（0）,N_（120）（120kg/ha）,N_（180）（180kg/ha）,N_（240）（240kg/ha）]and four phosphorus levels[P_0（0）,P_（35）（35kg/ha）,P_（70）（70kg/ha）,P_（105）（105kg/ha）].Furthermore,to evaluate the root interaction between maize and soybean,the two plants were grown with or without a root barrier between them.The main findings were as follows：1）The interaction between N and P significantly affected the inter-specific interaction of maize and soybean in the relay intercropping system,reduced inter-specific competition between maize and soybean,increased the land equivalent ratio,increased the aggressiveness and nutrition competition ratio,and increased the uptake of N and P.The interaction between N and P significantly increased the yield and resource utilization（land equivalent ratio1）.The interactive effect of N and P was more prominent than the effect of N or P alone in the intercropping system.2）The effects of the N×P interaction on dry matter accumulation in each growing period of maize increased with increasing N and P application rates up to N_（180）（180kg/ha）and P_（70）（70kg/ha）,and then decreased when N and P application rates were N_（240）（240kg/ha）and P_（105）（105kg/ha）.The treatment of N180（180kg/ha）and P_（70）（70kg/ha）significantly decreased maize dry matter accumulation before maturity,but promoted dry matter accumulation and translocation to the grain,and improved the harvest index of maize.3）Inter-specific interactions and interactive effects of N and P were significant,and increased the yield by increasing the number of kernels per ear and the number of ears per maize plant.Among

关 键 词：种间作用 氮磷肥配施 产量 干物质积累与转运 玉米 玉米-大豆套作 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1