基于槽型轨的低地板有轨电车车轮磨耗及优化研究  

Research on Wheel Wear and Optimization of Low-floor Trams Based on Groove Track

作　　者：丁军君[1] 杨阳[1] 李芾[1] 黄运华[1] 蒋宽 DING Junjun YANG Yang LI Fu HUANG Yunhu JIANG Kuan(School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China Technology Center, Guangzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510850, China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031 [2]广州电力机车有限公司技术中心,广东广州510850

出　　处：《铁道学报》2017年第7期54-59,共6页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51305359);中央高校基本科研业务费(2682016CX029)

摘　　要：低地板有轨电车因在城市中运行,道路工况复杂、小曲线半径较多,轮轨磨耗较为严重。又因轨道基本都使用槽型轨,在一定情况下槽型轨轨槽会与轮背发生接触,同样会发生磨耗。为研究车轮磨耗规律,以国内自主研发的新型70%低地板有轨电车为研究对象,建立其动力学模型,基于Archard磨耗模型及轮轨多点非椭圆接触理论对磨耗演变过程进行模拟,研究不同轮背内侧距下的车轮磨耗问题。结果表明,轮背内侧距对直线和曲线工况磨耗问题的影响是相互矛盾的,在一定范围内轮背内侧距越小对直线工况越有利,而对曲线工况不利。通过对实际运行线路的磨耗情况研究发现,车轮磨损主要发生在曲线行驶中,对车辆在整条线路上的磨耗问题进行优化,综合考虑直线与曲线所占比例,当轮背内侧距为1 376 mm时磨耗问题得到最优,对于使用槽型轨的车辆设计时轮背内侧距应当与车辆悬挂参数相匹配。Due to complex road conditions and the large number of small radius curves when low-floor trams run in cities,they may suffer serious wear on the wheel and rail.Because of wide use of slotted track rail,the groove of the slotted track rail will come into contact with wheel back under certain conditions,causing wear as well.In order to study the law of wheel wear,taking a new type 70%low-floor tram,independently developed in China,as the research object,its dynamic model was established.Based on the Archard wear model as well as Multi-point non-elliptical contact model,the wear process of the wheel was simulated,and the wheel wear was studied.The results showed that the effect of the wheel back distance on the wear under straight and curve conditions was contradictory.The smaller wheel back distance was favorable to straight line conditions and unfavorable to curve conditions within a certain range.Through the study of the wear of the actual operating line,it is found that the wheel wear mainly occurred in curve driving.The wear of the vehicles on the entire line was optimized.Considering the proportion of the straight lines and the curves,the wear was optimized when the wheel back distance was 1 376 mm.The wheel back distance should match the vehicle suspension parameters when such vehicles using groove type rail are designed.

关 键 词：槽型轨 多点接触理论 踏面磨耗 轮背磨耗 轮背内侧距 

分 类 号：U260.331.1[机械工程—车辆工程]