学前教育生均经费投入的区域差异分析——基于基尼系数和帕尔玛比值的考查  

The Regional Differences of Preschool Education Funding per Student in China Based on the Analysis of the Gini and Palma

作　　者：赵彦俊[1] 刘敏慧[1] Zhao Yanjun Liu Minhui(School of Education and Physical Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121000 China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁渤海大学教育与体育学院,锦州121000

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2017年第8期35-45,共11页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：中国学前教育研究会"十三五"立项课题"普惠性幼儿园的基本标准和维持体系研究";教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金2012年度项目"区域经济视域下普惠性幼儿园的政府财政投入机制研究"(编号:12YJA880166);全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题"城乡发展一体化进程中基础教育资源均衡化程度测评与统筹配置研究"(编号:DHA140277)

摘　　要：我国31个省、市、区2013年幼儿园生均教育经费、生均预算内教育经费、生均学杂费的基尼系数(1)和帕尔玛比值(2)表明,我国学前教育生均经费投入失衡现象突出,省域之间农村学前教育经费投入的差距尤为明显。具体来说,生均学前教育经费和生均预算内学前教育经费投入差异巨大,农村学前教育生均学杂费投入差距明显,城市学前教育生均学杂费投入较为均衡。结合各省、市、区学前教育发展的现实分析可以发现,某一地区某一历史时期的学前生均教育经费多,其学前教育发展状况并不一定好。政府在制定学前教育经费投入政策时应充分考虑学前教育发展的基础,明确学前教育财政投入的方向与比例,构建完善的学前教育经费预算机制,建立"补缺"型学前教育财政转移支付制度,以促进我国学前教育均衡发展。The analysis of the Gini and Palma of education funding per student of 31 provinces ot China in 2013 showed that the unbalanced phenomenon of education funding per student was outstanding, especially in rural areas among provinces. Combined with the reality of development of preschool education in various provinces, it was also found that the preschool education developed not necessarily good even if the area had much education funding during a certain period. Therefore, when formulating the investment policy of preschool education, the government should take into full consideration the foundation of local preschool education development, redefine the direction and proportion of preschool financial investment, and establish a perfect budgetary mechanism for preschool education and a fiscal transfer system for those areas and children who need most in order to promote the balanced development of preschool education regionally and nationally.

关 键 词：生均教育经费 基尼系数 帕尔玛比值 学前教育均衡发展 

分 类 号：G619.2[文化科学—学前教育学]