长江、黄河水沙特征初步对比分析  

A Primary Comparison of Water and Sediment Flux Between the Changjiang River and the Yellow River

作　　者：黄海军[1] 李凡[1] 张秀荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学集刊》2004年第1期79-90,共12页Studia Marina Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"海洋监测主题项目(AA633010-05)中国科学院重大项目(KZ951-B1-403-01)资助

摘　　要：长江、黄河为我国最大的两条河流,也是世界上很有特色的大河。其发源于世界屋脊--青藏高原,从南、北两边向东流经我国三大地貌类型区,分别流入东海和渤海,流域面积广阔,携带了巨量的水、沙和营养盐类,在河口地区形成了巨大的三角洲,其邻近海域则形成了高生产力的海洋生态环境。因此,两大河流的年径流量、输沙量及其变化对长江、黄河三角洲区和邻近海域的地质地貌特征与生态环境等有极为重要的影响,且是我国陆海相互作用过程中极为重要的环节。由于长江、黄河流域气候条件、下垫面物质组成、Based on data surveyed from 1950 to 1993 at Datong station at lower reach of the Changjiang River and surveyed from 1950 to 1998 at Lijin station at lower reach of the Yellow River, the characteristics of the two river's water and suspended sediments flux were analyzed. The results showed that there are great differences on their characteristics of water and suspended sediments flux between two big rivers, their extension velocities of delta are different too for the different climate conditions, material constitute on the ground, the geological and geomorphologic characteristics, the position of their estuary, the hydrodynamic condition in sea area near their deltas and the impact from human activities. The total water and sediment resources and their annual distributed pattern are the key factors in the utilization and harnessing the Yellow River.

关 键 词：径流量 黄河水沙 输沙量 陆海相互作用 邻近海域 地貌类型 地质地貌 海洋生态环境 宜昌站 输沙率 

分 类 号：P343.1[天文地球—水文科学]