华东地区蓝莓采后病害病原鉴定及其多样性分析  

Pathogen Identification and Their Diversity of Blueberry Postharvest Diseases in East China

作　　者：尉莹莹[1] 梁晨[1] 赵洪海[1] 李宝笃[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植物保护学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2017年第7期112-115,共4页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：青岛市科技局项目"青岛地区蓝莓主要病害农药减施增效技术的研发与集成"(16-6-2-36-nsh)

摘　　要：本试验以采自山东省日照市、青岛市及威海市和浙江省金华市的蓝莓果实为试材,通过对采后病害病原菌的分离、鉴定、致病性测定及多样性分析,探究地区间蓝莓采后病原菌种类及其群落特征。分离鉴定结果表明:引起蓝莓采后病害的病原菌有链格孢(Alternaria alternata)、灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、根霉(Rhizopus sp.)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、黑附球菌(Epicoccum nigrum)、小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora)、拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sp.)、枝状枝孢(Cladosporium cladosporioides)、辐毛小鬼伞(Coprinellus radians)、稻黑孢菌(Nigrospora oryzae)、球黑孢(Nigrospora sphaerica)、棒状拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis clavispora)等12种真菌。多样性分析结果表明,蓝莓采后病原菌群落多样性丰富,其中链格孢是优势种,灰葡萄孢和根霉是亚优势种;4个采样地蓝莓采后病原真菌群落的多样性存在差异,其中金华地区的多样性指数(H'=1.5540)和均匀度指数(J=0.9658)均最高;4个地区间的蓝莓采后病原菌相似性系数较低,其中日照地区与青岛地区之间的相似性系数最高(Cj=0.4444),威海地区与金华地区之间的相似性最低(Cj=0.1428)。The blueberry fruits collected from Rizhao,Qingdao,Weihai of Shandong Province and Jinhua of Zhejiang Province were used as experimental materials in this test. In order to explore the species and community characteristics of blueberry postharvest pathogens from different origins,the isolation,identification,pathogenicity determination and diversity analysis of pathogens were carried out. The results showed that the blueberry postharvest rot diseases were caused by the following twelve fungi： Alternaria alternata,Botrytis cinerea,Rhizopus sp.,Aspergillus niger,Epicoccum nigrum,Pestalotiopsis microspora,Phomopsis sp.,Cladosporium cladosporioides,Coprinellus radians,Nigrospora oryzae,Nigrospora sphaerica and Pestalotiopsis clavispora. The diversity analysis results demonstrated that there was rich diversity in the blueberry postharvest pathogen community,of which,Alternaria alternata was the dominant species,and Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus sp. were the subdominant species. There were obvious differences in postharvest fungal pathogen community diversities among four blueberry sampling sites,and Jinhua was the highest in Shannon diversity index（ H＇ = 1. 5540） and Pielou evenness index（ J = 0. 9658）. The similarity coefficients of blueberry postharvestpathogens among the four regions were low,among which,the similarity coefficient between Rizhao and Qingdao was the highest（ Cj = 0. 4444）,while that between Weihai and Jinhua was the lowest（ Cj = 0. 1428）.

关 键 词：蓝莓 采后病害 病原菌数量 种类组成 优势种 多样性指数 相似性系数 

分 类 号：S436.639[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]