商代沚方考  

Research on the Zhi State during the Shang Dynasty

作　　者：王坤鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学历史系

出　　处：《考古与文物》2017年第3期59-64,共6页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"伯与商周政制关系研究"(16CZS026BS016)成果

摘　　要：沚方为商西边雄方,初与商为敌,后因其地理位置重要而为商强力征服。商采取"毖"、"告"等手段震慑加安抚,与周初对待四国多方的方式相似,这种"征服——诰诫"模式是早期国家管理的特征。沚方臣服后称"臣沚"、"多沚",相当于卜辞"多臣",是商利用征服的异族武士组建的武装,类于周代虎臣、隶仆。出于军事考量,商王保留了沚方领地,组建的"多沚"仍由沚人率领,用于抗击西、北方向异族的内侵。这种情况并非孤例,卜辞"多羌"、"多马羌"都是类似的组织。The state of Zhi （沚） was once a powerful state located in the western border of the Shang Dynasty. This state was conquered by Shang because of the geographical location. Shang repeatedly warned and placated Zhi for its surrenders. ＇Conquest-warning＇ mode is an important feature of the early states. After being subject to the Shang court, the Zhi （沚 ） was called ＇the servant of Zhi＇ （臣沚） or ＇numerous Zhi＇ （ 多沚 ） after the conquest. This kind of surrenders were organized muti-ethnic warriors by the Shang Dynasty.

关 键 词：商代 方国 早期国家 

分 类 号：K877[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]