美国无罪证据开示制度研究  

A study on the discovery system of evidence of innocence in U.S.

作　　者：王新清[1] 张瀚文[2] Wang Xinqing China Youth(University for Political Sciences, Beijing 100089 Zhang Hanwen, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872.)

机构地区：[1]中国青年政治学院,北京100089 [2]中国人民大学,北京100872

出　　处：《证据科学》2017年第3期330-344,共15页Evidence Science

摘　　要：随着近年来美国刑事错案的研究进展,人们发现,在检察官不端行为所导致的错案当中,办案检察官不开示无罪证据这一原因占据了首位。从1963年联邦最高法院确立无罪证据开示制度以来,50多年的实践表明,该制度是美国最具有争议,检察官最不愿意执行的制度之一。随着检察官隐瞒无罪证据导致的错案不断被发现,近年来呼吁强化检察官无罪证据开示义务的声音越来越强烈,但是几次改革却都以失败告终。美国检察官无罪证据开示制度虽然还不尽如人意,但有关研究已经表明,检察官开示无罪证据对于防范冤假错案是非常重要的。美国的相关经验和教训对于防范冤假错案、构建我国的证据制度意义重大。With the recent progress in the study of criminal misjudgment in the U.S., it has been found that the main reason for misjudged cases caused by the misconduct of the prosecutor is that the prosecutor dose not present evidence of innocence. Since Brady case in 1963, more than 50 years of practice has shown that Brady rule is one of the most controversial rules in the United States. With the fact that misjudged cases caused by the prosecutor＇s concealment of evidence of innocence has been found, voice for intensifying the prosecutor＇s discovery obligation regarding evidence of innocence has become increasingly strong. Nonetheless, several rounds of reform have ended in failure. Although the practice is not satisfying, the study has shown that the prosecutor to present evidence of innocence to prevent miscarriages is rather important. The relevant experience and lessons of the U.S. are of great significance in preventing the miscarriage of justice and constructing the evidence system in China.

关 键 词：无罪证据开示 布雷迪规则 检察官不端行为 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]