2016年1月我国中东部一次大气污染物传输过程分析  

Transport of PM_(2.5) of the Haze Pollution Episode over Mid-Eastern China in January 2016

作　　者：王继康 花丛 桂海林 张恒德 

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2017年第7期804-812,共9页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：气象预报预测业务与科研结合专项(CMAHX20160601);公益性行业(环保)科研专项(201509001);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0203301)共同资助

摘　　要：利用常规气象数据和空气质量模式CAMx对2016年1月15—19日一次冷空气影响下郑州、武汉、南京的大气污染物传输过程进行了分析。观测发现,本次过程中武汉和南京在地面锋线到达后出现明显的PM_(2.5)浓度的快速增长。通过分析发现,两地在1000~950 hPa高度层上偏北风的侵入带来上风向的大气污染物,同时在垂直方向上锋区内的稳定性层结抑制了大气污染物的扩散,两种作用共同导致污染物快速增长。在冷空气主体影响下,尤其是950~900 hPa高度层上弱风区消失后,污染物得到清除。大气污染物的传输作用主要发生在1000~950 hPa高度上。模式PM_(2.5)来源示踪模拟结果表明,武汉(17日夜间至18日)和南京(17日夜间)在本次污染物快速增长过程中区域污染物输入的贡献在51%和58%左右。由于模式对PM_(2.5)传输过程的低估,区域输送贡献率仍存在不确定性。但是,与1月15—19日平均相比,PM_(2.5)的本地贡献明显减少,上风区域贡献明显增加。A haze pollution event hit mid eastern China in January 2016. During the haze episode, concen- trations of PM2.5 in Wuhan and Nanjing increased by three times in several hours. The meteorological ob servations and simulated data from an air quality model （CAMx） were used to analyze the transport of PM2.5 in this haze episode. The observations revealed that there were northerly winds in 1000-950 hPa and stable layer in the frontal zone above the two cities during the pollution period. Northerly winds in 1000-950 hPa transported pollutants to the cities, and stable layer in the frontal zone suppressed vertical diffusion of pollutants on the surface. Thus, the transport and the stable layer jointly caused the rapid in- crease of PM2.5 concentrations in the two cities. The pollution was cleared after the main cold air arrived, especially after the weak wind zone in the frontal zone moved. The simulation data showed that local con- tribution to the two cities in the severe pollution progress was less than the average value from 15 to 19 January. The transport contribution to PM2.5 in Wuhan and Nanjing was 51% and 58%, respectively. The transport contribution rate was not very certain, because the model underestimated the transport of PM2.5.

关 键 词：污染传输 冷空气 PM2.5来源 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]