基于生命周期评价方法的肉鸡屠宰场碳足迹分析  

CARBON FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS OF BROILER CHICKEN SLAUGHTERHOUSE BASED ON LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

作　　者：樊庆锌[1] 丁达[1] 葛立婷 邱微[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,哈尔滨150090 [2]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《环境工程》2017年第7期141-145,135,共6页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室(哈尔滨工业大学)自主课题(2016TS02);黑龙江省自然科学基金委面上项目(E201427);国家留学基金

摘　　要：当今世界畜牧业发展迅速,环境问题亦不可小视,由CO_2、CH_4和N_2O等温室气体导致的全球变暖是热门话题。基于PA-LCA方法追踪某肉鸡屠宰场的碳足迹,找出热点问题,再以敏感性分析探究全生命周期总碳足迹的最敏感输入变量,并提出碳减排建议,最后将运营期碳足迹与其他国家进行比较,为屠宰行业清洁生产和节能减排提供依据。结果表明:在建设期,商品混凝土、预拌砂浆和钢材的生产过程碳足迹分别占建设期总量的30.94%、24.77%和20.04%;在运营期,电力生产过程的碳足迹占运营期总量的93.06%,从企业各部门角度分析,屠宰间和冷库的运营产生48.45%的碳足迹;在报废期,拆除建筑所耗能源的生产过程碳足迹占报废期总量的87.13%。通过敏感性分析,工厂运营1年的电耗对屠宰场全生命周期碳足迹总量的影响不及建设期商品混凝土生产过程对其的影响,但运营10年后,运营期电耗减小可显著降低屠宰场全生命周期碳足迹。我国屠宰场运营期碳足迹同其他国家相比较低,这与我国屠宰自动化程度低有关。所以如何平衡屠宰效率和环境影响是亟待解决的问题。Although the global livestock industry is booming,its environmental problems are serious. Global warming resulting from greenhouse gas emissions such as CO_2、CH_4 and N_2O is a hot topic. This study calculated the carbon footprint of a broiler chicken slaughterhouse by PA-LCA and found the environmental hot-spots of this system. The sensitive analysis was used to look for variables which had the most impact on total carbon footprint of life cycle. Then some suggestions about carbon mitigation were provided. Finally we compared the native carbon footprint with some other countries＇ in operation phase. The results showed that the production of concrete,mortar and steel accounts for 30. 94%,24. 77% and 20. 04% of total carbon footprint in construction phase,respectively; the electricity production accounts for 93. 06% in operation phase,and in term of departments the operation of slaughtering room and refrigerator account for 48. 45%; the production of energy used to dismantle the building accounts for 87. 13% in decommissioning phase. We used the sensitive analysis and concluded that the impact on total carbon footprint by electricity consumption in 1 year was less than from the production of concrete. But after a decade of operation,the saving of electricity will reduce the total carbon footprint considerably. China＇s broiler chicken slaugheerhouse industry＇s carbon footprint is lower than other countries＇ because of its lower automation level.

关 键 词：肉鸡屠宰 清洁生产 生命周期评价 碳足迹 敏感性分析 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]