油渣和生物炭对核桃生产园土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Oil Residue and Biochar on Soil Fertility in Walnut Garden

作　　者：张翠芳[1] 潘存德[1] 王世伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学新疆教育厅干旱区林业生态与产业技术重点试验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第18期76-80,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区"十二五"重大科技专项课题"核桃园土壤肥力提升与核桃产量;品质调控研究"(201130102-2)

摘　　要：研究油渣和生物炭对土壤养分和土壤肥力的影响,为新疆乌什县核桃(Juglans regia)生产园土壤肥力提升提供理论依据。在田间常规NPK施肥的基础上,增施油渣(27.3、54.6、81.9 kg/株)和生物炭(168.2、336.4、504.6 kg/株),通过对土壤中养分含量进行分析,探讨油渣和生物炭不同施肥处理对土壤养分的影响,并利用乌什县核桃生产园土壤肥力指数(SFI)评价模型评价不同施肥处理对土壤肥力的提升效果。结果表明:油渣和生物炭的不同施肥处理能不同程度的提高核桃生产园土壤有机质、全量养分和速效养分的含量,其中油渣提升效果更为显著;油渣的不同施肥处理能不同程度的提高土壤Ca、Fe、Mn和Zn的含量,降低土壤Mg和Cu的含量,生物炭的不同施肥处理能不同程度的提高土壤Ca、Mg的含量,降低土壤Mn和Cu的含量;与对照相比,施用油渣和生物炭均能提高土壤肥力,在油渣的不同施肥处理中,施肥量为54.6 kg/株时土壤肥力指数最高,在生物炭的不同施肥处理中,施肥量为168.2 kg/株时土壤肥力指数最高,油渣和生物炭施用过量均会降低土壤肥力指数。因此,本试验得出对核桃生产园土壤肥力提升的最佳施肥量为:油渣54.6 kg/株或生物炭168.2 kg/株。In order to explore the effects of biochar and oil residue on soil nutrients and soil fertility and provide theoretical basis for soil fertility promotion in walnut garden in Wushi, Xinjiang, on the basis of conventional NPK fertilization, oil residue （27.3, 54.6 and 81.9 kg/plant） and bioehar （168.2, 336.4 and 504.6 kg/plant） were added, the promotion effect was evaluated by soil fertility evaluation index （SFI） model of Wushi walnut garden. The results showed that soil organic matter, total and available nutrient were increased by adding oil residue and biochar, and the effect of oil residue was more significant. Oil residue increased the contents of Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn, but decreased the contents of Mg and Cu, biochar increased the contents of Ca and Mg, but decreased the contents of Mn and Cu. Compared with CK, the application of biochar and oil residue promoted soil fertility. In all the treatments of oil residue fertilizer, SFI reached the maximum when the application amount was 54.6 kg/plant, in all the treatments of biochar, SFI reached the maximum when the application amount was 168.2 kg/plant, and excessive application amounts of biochar and oil residue decreased soil fertility. Therefore, the optimum application amount was oil residue 54.6 kg/plant or biochar 168.2 kg/plant.

关 键 词：油渣 生物炭 核桃 土壤养分 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]