基督教史学传统下的希罗多德解读模式  

The Herodotus Reading Style:Historiographical Tradition of Christianity

作　　者：吴晓群[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系,上海200433

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期72-87,共16页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：以往历史研究者一般认为,希罗多德史学缺少清晰的线索,选材也很随意,好像没有经过认真的设计,他们因此而表现出某种不屑,以为史学在起源时就难免表现出如此这般的原始性。很少有人想到,希罗多德史学或许有着特定的学术背景和自觉的思想支撑。把希罗多德史学的"散乱表现"看作原始性的观点,很大程度上是受到基督教历史观念的影响。我们知道,历史叙述一定是当时语境的产物,历史研究却必须分清研究对象所处语境与研究者所处语境的双重影响。这两种语境之间的张力既是推动历史研究不断向前发展的动力,也可能成为误读和过度阐释的根源。在基督教史学传统中,线性史观及目的论可能在阅读策略及研究进路上产生重要影响。以此为标准来理解希罗多德史学,必然会将目的性、完整性以及一致性的缺位当作历史撰述原始性的表现,从而有可能忽视人类早期历史意识的多种可能性及合理性。而从一个东方学者的角度,借鉴一个同时代的中国古代文本来反思一种在西方已普遍为人们所接受的历史认知模式,由此探索人类历史意识所可能呈现出来的某种特殊形态和历史逻辑,或许会获得新的更为合理的解释。It is generally agreed among history researchers that Herodotus historiography lacks a clear line of reasoning and the analyzed data seems random without careful design.That has so far received contempt of all sorts as if the Western historiography has started with such a crudeness.However,few people have thought that such a way of history study may have been backed up by some particular academic background and self-conscience.For my understanding,such an understanding of ＂chaotic manifestation＂ has been to a large extent influenced by the historiographical idea of Christianity.It is known that historical narration should be the product of its due context;and historical study must figure out the historical context of phenomena and that of researchers.The tension between these two contexts functions as the force to push forward history investigations.However,it may also be the origin that produces misreading and over-interpretation.In the tradition of Christianity historiography,the principles of linearity and teleology may probably have exercised important influence upon reading strategy and research methodology.Starting from here,the understanding of Herodotus historiography would inevitably treat the lack of teleology,completeness and consistency as a primitive manifestation of the historical narration,and hence may probably overlooked the multiple possibilities and rationality of the early historical conscience of human being.Therefore,from the perspective of an Oriental scholar,to reflect upon a widely-accepted Western cognitive model of history in terms of an ancient Chinese text at the same epoch,and accordingly to explore some particular form and historical logic from historical conscience of human being,may attain a more reasonable interpretation.

关 键 词：希罗多德 基督教史学 目的论 线性史观 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学]