舍勒对康德道德哲学的误解  

Scheler's Misunderstanding of Kant's Moral Philosophy

作　　者：陈世放[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与行政学院,广州510631

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期111-117,共7页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学十二五规划2014年度学科共建项目"幸福原则与道德原则的关系研究"(GD14XZX03);教育部人文社会科学研究项目"解放政治学--经典马克思主义与后马克思主义比较研究"(15YJC710042)

摘　　要：舍勒的质料价值伦理学是为哲学的伦理学进行科学和实证的奠基,进行伦理学人格主义的构建;康德的道德哲学是为真正的道德制定普遍的、必然的、无条件的衡量标准,是为道德中的先天综合判断如何可能寻找答案。舍勒认为康德拒绝任何一门善业伦理学,犯了"伦理学中的形式主义"错误,只要承认康德道德命令的合理性,我们就无法走向一门关于伦常价值的规范学说。舍勒的质料价值伦理学对康德的"先天"、"形式"、"动机"存在严重曲解,在道德认识和道德判断的根基问题上,舍勒质料的价值伦理学所依据的"现象学直观"与康德的"纯粹直观"并无二致,舍勒用质料的先天性反驳康德的形式的先天性、用质料的价值伦理学批判康德的道德命令是顾左右而言他。Scheler＇s non-formal ethics of value is conducive to lay the groundwork scientifically and empirically for philosophical ethics and build Ethical Personality whereas Kant＇s moral philosophy,which aims to establish universal,inevitable,unconditional measuring standards for real ethics,is the way to find answers to the problem of how synthetic comprehensive judgment of ethics should be possible.But in Scheler＇s opinion,Kant made the mistake of ethic formalism because Kant rejected any good karma ethics.Nevertheless,as long as one acknowledges the legitimacy of Kant＇s moral imperative,one cannot establish the normative theory of universal ethical value.In fact,there is a severe distortion of Kant＇s ＂apriori＂,＂form＂,and ＂motive＂ in Scheler＇s interpretation by his non-formal ethics of value.In fact,the ＂phenomenological intuition＂,the basis of Scheler＇s non-formal ethics of value,should be the same as Kant＇s＂pure intuition＂on the fundamental question of moral cognition and moral judgment.It is therefore beside the point that Scheler has contradicted Kant＇s ＂formal a priori＂ by his ＂material a priori＂.

关 键 词：先天 形式 质料 人格 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]