狭义相对论教学中不该出现的错误  

THE MISTAKES THAT SHOULD NOT APPEAR IN THE TEACHING MATERIALS OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY

作　　者：张元仲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理论物理研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《物理与工程》2017年第4期3-9,共7页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)资助;任务编号XDB23030100和XDB21010100;国家自然科学基金No 91436107

摘　　要：本文为了阐明个别大学物理教材中对光速不变假设的错误评论而详细说明了光速不变原理的两个用途:首要用途是用来定义惯性系中的时间坐标(即定义同时性);第二个用途是用来推导洛伦兹变换。随后,在分析了钟慢效应、尺缩效应、同时性的相对性之后解释了尺缩佯谬,并特别指出了某大学物理教材中对一道习题提供的答案是错误的并用两种解法给出了正确答案。In order to clarify the wrong comments on the light speed invariance hypothesis in some of the teaching materials of ＂University Physics＂,this paper illustrates in detail the two purposes of the light speed invariance principle：Its primary purpose is used to define the time coordinates in an inertial frame（i.e.,defining simultaneity）;The second purpose is used to derive the Lorentz transformation.After analyzing the time dilation effect,the length contraction effect and the relativity of simultaneity,we then explain the length contraction paradox.Finally we point out that the answer of an exercise providing in a book of ＂University Physics＂ is wrong,and we give the correct answer by use of two methods.

关 键 词：光速不变原理 相对性原理 洛伦兹变换 时钟变慢 尺子缩短 同时性的相对性 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O412.1-4[文化科学—教育学]