卡诺定理的正确认识  

THE CORRECT UNDERSTANDING OF CARNOT THEOREM

作　　者：周旭波[1] 何丽珠[1] 王进[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学物理科学学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《物理与工程》2017年第4期57-59,共3页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：山东省重点教学改革项目:依托国家级和省部级优势资源构建"四特;四能"创新型人才培养的实践教学体系(No.2015Z042);青岛大学教学研究与改革项目:物理公共基础课教学改革研究(2016WLJY04)

摘　　要：在普通物理热学教学中,对卡诺定理和可逆循环效率的认识十分重要,但对此经常容易产生误区。由教学中常见的具体问题出发,我们对卡诺定理的适用范围,可逆非卡诺循环的效率和热机效率的提高途径等问题进行讨论。强调:卡诺定理中的可逆热机是作卡诺循环的;可逆非卡诺循环效率一般与工质及循环曲线形状有关,但有类卡诺循环等特殊情形;提高热机效率的途径应为:使循环尽可能地接近卡诺循环和提高两热源的温度差。同时纠正了一些有关的模糊认识。本文对实际教学有一定的参考价值。The understanding of Carnot theorem and the efficiency of reversible cycle are very important in the teaching of general physics.However,it is easy to produce some misunderstandings on this.By the common problems in the teaching,the scope of Carnot theorem,the efficiency of reversible non Carnot cycle and the way of improving the efficiency of heat engine are discussed.We emphasize that the reversible heat engine of Carnot theorem is the Carnot cycle,the efficiency of reversible non Carnot cycle is generally related to the working substance and the shape of the circular curve,but there is a special case such as Carnot-like cycle etc.The way of improving the efficiency of heat engine is to make the cycle as close as possible to the Carnot cycle and improve the temperature difference between the two heat sources.Some vague understandings about it are corrected.This paper has a certain reference value for practical teaching.

关 键 词：卡诺定理 循环 可逆循环 效率 热机 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O551-4[文化科学—教育学]