水稻粉质胚乳突变体flo(t)的子粒性状及淀粉理化特性分析  

Analysis of Grain Traits and Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Rice Floury Endosperm Mutant flo(t)

作　　者：何冰纾 钟雨越 乔永利[2] 郭东伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《作物杂志》2017年第4期67-71,F0002,共6页Crops

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目

摘　　要：淀粉是水稻胚乳的主要贮藏物质,其理化特性的解析对开展稻米外观和食味品质改良具有非常重要的理论和实践意义。本研究从烷化剂N-甲基N-亚硝基脲(MNU)处理的粳稻品种Hwacheong突变体库中,筛选得到一个稳定遗传的粉质胚乳突变体flo(t)。与野生型相比,flo(t)突变体的株高和穗粒数极显著、显著降低,种子胚乳表现为白色不透明粉质,千粒重降低15%,直链淀粉含量显著降低,但脂质含量显著提高。对成熟子粒扫描电镜观察发现,flo(t)突变体由大小不一、排列松散、间隙较大的淀粉粒组成,且淀粉的晶体结构与热力学特性也发生显著变化。Starch is the main storage material of rice endosperm. The analysis of its physical and chemical properties has great theoretical and practical significance for the appearance and taste improvement of rice. In this study, a stable inherited powdery endosperm mutant tto（t）, the mutant plant table was screened from the Hwacheong mutant library of japonica rice treated with N-methyl N-nitrosourea （MNU）. In the phenotypic aspect of the mutant plants, the plant height and the number of grains per spike were significantly lower than the wild type, and the seed endosperm showed white opacity. Compared with wild type, the 1000-grain weight oftto（t） mutant was reduced by 15%, and the content of amylose were decreased, but the content of protein and lipid increased significantly. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the tto（t） mutant consisted of regular and rounded starch granules with different sizes and large intervals, and the crystal structure and thermodynamic properties of starch were also changed significantly.

关 键 词：水稻 淀粉 粉质胚乳 理化特性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]