我国进城务工人员随迁子女小学生正确洗手行为及家庭影响因素分析  

Analysis of correct handwashing behaviors and related family factors among Chinese urban migrant primary school students

作　　者：马雪梅[1] 史慧静[1] 李梦娜[1] 张喆[1] 胡月明 郭锦萍 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院/复旦大学公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室,上海200032 [2]国际救助儿童会(英国)北京代表处

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2017年第7期975-979,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：上海市公共卫生重点学科建设计划项目(15GWZK0402)

摘　　要：目的了解进城务工人员随迁子女小学生的正确洗手行为现状及其家庭影响因素,为制定针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法通过多阶段随机整群抽样,选取上海、广州、北京的34所民办随迁子女小学4 089名四年级小学生及其家长,用自填结构式问卷了解被调查学生近1周的洗手行为(包括洗手频率和方法)、学生与家长对洗手相关认知及家庭社会经济等影响因素。结果小学生正确洗手行为率仅为28.2%。家长对洗手必要情境认知的正确率(75.0%)高于小学生(41.6%)(χ~2=174.485,P<0.05),但家长对洗手方法的正确认知率仅为9.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与小学生正确洗手行为呈正相关的是家庭经济条件比较好(OR=2.09,95%CI=1.44~3.05),呈负相关的有母亲的文化程度较低(OR=0.57,95%CI=0.33~0.98)、家长对孩子的教育期望较低(OR=0.53,95%CI=0.33~0.86)、家长对洗手情境认知不正确(OR=0.53,95%CI=0.33~0.86)、小学生对洗手情境认知不正确(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.20~0.28)。结论中国进城务工人员随迁子女小学生的正确洗手行为整体上不容乐观,并且存在家庭社会经济因素方面的不平等。要加强对随迁子女小学生及其家长进行洗手必要性和正确洗手方法的健康教育,尤其是男生、家庭经济条件较差、母亲文化程度较低者。Objective To investigate the current status of handwashing behaviors among Chinese urban migrant elementary school students, and to explore related family factors and to provide scientific basis for drawing up a control stategies. Methods A total of 4 089 grade 4 pupils and their parents were selected by multi-stage cluster random method from 34 urban migrant elementary schools in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing. Handwashing behaviors during the past week（ frequencies and methods） of the pupils, beliefs and awareness on handwashing, family socio-economic status were obtained by self-administered questionnaires. Results The prevalence of correct hand washing behavior of the migrant students was only 28.2%. Although the awareness of hand hygiene among parents（ 75%） was significantly higher than that in their kids（ 41.6%）, the awareness of proper handwashing methods was only 9.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that correct handwashing behavior among urban migrant primary students was positively associated with low family economic conditions（ OR = 2.09, 95%CI = 1.44-3.05）, and was negatively associated with low maternal educational level（ OR = 0.57,95%CI = 0.33-0.98）, low parents＇ expectations on education（ OR = 0.53,95%CI = 0.33-0.86）, parent improper handwashing（ OR = 0.53,95% CI = 0.33-0.86） and students improper handwashing（ OR = 0.24,95%CI = 0.20-0.28）. Conclusion Handwashing behavior is far from optimistic among urban migrant primary students. Family social economic factors are not average. It is necessary to strengthen handwashing education for the target population, especially for boys, those from low household economic status and those with low maternal education.

关 键 词：农村人口 洗手 健康教育 家庭 学生 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R166[文化科学—教育技术学]