《宋元学案》对张载思想的诠释与评价——以人道观为中心  

An Analysis on Explanation and Evaluation of Zhang Zai's Zheng Meng in Song Yuan Xue An——Focusing on the Concept of Human Nature

作　　者：连凡[1] LIAN Fan(School of Philosophy ,Wuhan University ,Wuhan 430072 ,Chin)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《甘肃理论学刊》2017年第4期90-98,共9页Gansu Theory Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"阳明心学的历史渊源及其近代转型"(16JJD720014);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目"黄百家哲学思想研究"(113-410500126)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：《正蒙》从结构上可分为三个部分,其中前七篇完整展现了张载的思想体系。在天人合一论上,黄百家以性气合一论解释了张载天人合一论中天命与气运的关系,认为气运流行之法则即是天命,不能将天命与气运对立起来,从而批判了程朱性气二元论的诠释。在人性论上,黄百家批判了程颐将张载的人性论解释为性气二元论的错误,认为张载并未将气质之性视作人性,指出人性仅指天命之性,是气质之本然,与受后天习气污染的气质无关。在工夫论上,黄百家指出性与气质均为善,恶是后天之习染所造成,认为矫正气质之偏的变化气质说与成性工夫在理气、心性合一的立场下是不能成立的,其失误是张载将气质混入性中所导致的。Zheng Meng can be divided into three parts from the structure,thereinto Zhang Zai＇s ideological system demonstrated in the first seven articles. About the theory of correspondence between man and universe,Huang Baijia explained the relationship between the nature of Reason and the nature of gaseity of Zhang Zai＇s theory of nature and humanity with the joining together of aerosols, think that destiny have nothing to do with Mandate of Heaven,and should not separat the two and then setting them against each other, and then criticized Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi＇s annotation of Aerosols dualism. About the theory of human nature, Huang Baijia criticized that Neo--Confucians regard Zhang Zai＇s theory of human nature as Aero sols dualism and the mistake of seeing nature and Chi as same level conception,and considered that Zhang Zai did not regard temperament as nature,and Pointed out that humanity only refer to nature endowed by heaven and naturalness of temperament,and have nothing to do with temperament contaminated by manners. About the theory of cultivation,Huang Baijia pointed out that nature and disposition are both good, and evil refer to fallintoabadhabit,and considered changing temperament and integrity of work is untenable under the position of unity of Li and Chi, their faults is caused by Zhang Zai＇s theory of putting temperament into nature.

关 键 词：《宋元学案》 张载 《正蒙》 人道观 天人合一 

分 类 号：B244.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学]