政治认同是如何形成的?  

How is the Political Identity Formed?

作　　者：桑玉成[1] 梁海森[1] SANG Yu-cheng LIANG Hai-sen(School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Chin)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2017年第4期134-143,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大攻关项目"中国特色社会主义民主政治的制度优化与规范运行研究"(项目批准号:12&ZD075)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：政治认同对于政治体系的持续稳定发展所产生的作用已经得到了越来越多的重视。一种特定的政治体系如何获得民众的认同?民众为什么会形成政治认同?这些问题是政治认同研究的核心问题。现有的研究从制度构建、执政绩效、治理体系等角度分析了政治认同的构建路径,这些研究主要重视国家制度或宏观社会发展对于政治认同的作用;本文的分析由认同客体(政治体系)的视角转向认同主体(民众)的视角,突出强调政治认同构建中的情感及心理等因素。情感因素的作用是由政治认同的内在属性所规定的,政治认同具有公共性、非理性计算和个体化的情感构建三个属性。这些属性会促使个体的内心情感和外在行为保持一致性。政治认同中的这些情感及心理等因素会影响社会治理的成本、投票等支持倾向以及社会支持或抗争行为,从而影响政治的稳定和发展。政治认同形成过程中的情感因素来源于公民文化中的政治情感,这些情感能够通过个体的社会化实现代际传承,转化为一种稳定的心理特征。当然,情感因素的强调并不否定政治认同形成中制度建设和经济社会发展的作用,只是提供另一种理解政治认同形成机理的可能视角。The enduring effect of political identity on political stability is getting an increasing attention. How does a political system attain the support of the mass？ Why do people form their political identities？ These are the core puzzles in the study of political identity. The current studies analyze the political identity formation from the view of institution construction,political performance and social governance,which underscore the role of political institution and social development. Instead,this study shifted the focus on the objective（ political system） of political identity to the subject（ the mass）,emphasizing the role of emotional factors in the process of political identity formation. The effect of emotional factors is defined by the nature properties of political identity. Political identity has the property of publicity,non-rational calculation and individualized emotion construction. These properties can hold the social behavior consistent with inner emotion. The emotional part of political identity can lower the cost of social governance and affect the vote behavior and social protest,which consequently impact on the political stability and development. The emotion derived from the civic culture can pass down across generations by individual＇s socialization and develop into stable psychological characteristics. To be mentioned,the emphasis of emotional factors does not underrate the role of political institution and social development in the political identity formation. Instead,it provides an alternative approach to understand the mechanism of political identity formation.

关 键 词：政治认同 非理性因素 政治稳定 公民文化 

分 类 号：D033[政治法律—政治学]