虚拟财产犯罪的教义学展开  

Dogmatic Analyze on the Crime against Virtual Property

作　　者：徐凌波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]南京大学中德法学研究所

出　　处：《法学家》2017年第4期44-57,共14页The Jurist

摘　　要：作为财产性利益的下位形式,虚拟财产属于刑法意义上的公私财物,但侵害虚拟财产的行为并不一定符合现行刑法所规定的财产罪构成要件。对于虚拟财产侵害行为的讨论,不应将焦点集中于财物概念一隅,而应当重视审查具体行为方式的构成要件该当性。转移他人账户内的虚拟财产是互联网世界典型的财产侵害方式,但无法根据现有的盗窃罪或诈骗罪构成要件进行评价。盗窃罪的处理进路以占有概念的观念化为基础,牺牲了盗窃罪构成要件的定型性;诈骗罪的处理进路试图以预设同意理论回避机器不能被骗的法理,却存在体系上的错置。以非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪处理的实践做法只是现行法语境下的权宜之计,未能对财产侵害这一不法内涵进行全面评价。立法上,针对数据不当使用致他人财产损害的行为有必要增设专门的构成要件予以规制。解释上,传统的财产犯罪仍能在一定限度内妥善处理其他类型的虚拟财产侵害行为。The virtual property is a kind of property interest, which belongs to the category of valuable articles in criminal law. However, the offense against the virtual property cannot be necessarily convicted as the crime against property according to the positive Chinese Penal Code. The conception of valuable article in criminal law is not the only relevant element to decide, whether the offense against virtual property should be punished. The most important is the way of act, which cause the property damage of the victim. In light of the positive Chinese Penal Code transforming the virtual property into another account represent the most usual pattern of offending against the virtual property, which is hard to be explained as theft nor fraud. The expansive explanation of theft are against the principle nullapoena sine lege. The explanation of fraud runs counter to the current fraud doctrine. The conviction as the crime against the computer system is only an expedient measure in positive Penal Code. Therefore it is necessary to set up a new crime in Penal Code in order to deal with the case of causing property damage through misuse of the personal information of the other. However there is also some behavior pattern against virtual property, which can be convicted of the traditional crime against property such as fraud.

关 键 词：虚拟财产 公私财物 盗窃 诈骗 计算机诈骗 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]