基于高通量测序研究青藏高原茶卡盐湖微生物多样性  

Illumina-based sequencing analysis of microbial community composition in Chaka Salt Lake in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：张欣[1] 刘静[1] 沈国平[1] 龙启福[1] 韩睿[2] 朱德锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学医学院基础医学研究中心,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2017年第8期1834-1846,共13页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31560039);青海省科技计划项目(No.2015ZJY23;2015ZJ929Q)~~

摘　　要：【目的】茶卡盐湖(Chaka Salt Lake,CSL)是青藏高原有名的天然结晶盐湖,具有独特的石盐盐湖矿床,盛产青盐。盐湖卤水环境中存在丰富的嗜盐菌资源和潜在的新种,细菌和古菌的群落结构特征和物种多样性尚不明确。【方法】采用Illumina高通量测序平台对茶卡盐湖水样和底泥混合物中的细菌和古菌群落进行16S r RNA基因(V3-V5区)高通量测序,检测4个样本的群落结构差异和微生物多样性。【结果】获得细菌和古菌总有效序列分别为117 192和110 571条。结果分析表明细菌和古菌的物种注释(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数目分别为421和317,获得分类地位明确的细菌种类为14门28纲170属,古菌为5门4纲34属。细菌的优势类群是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),所占比例为68.37%,其次为变形菌门Proteobacteria(20.49%);优势种属依次为芽孢杆菌属Bacillus(41.94%)、海洋芽孢杆菌属Oceanobacillus(8.03%)、假单胞菌属Pseudomonas(7.67%)、盐厌氧菌属Halanaerobium(7.42%)和乳球菌属Lactococcus(7.38%);古菌的优势类群以广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)盐杆菌纲(Halobacteria)为主,优势菌是Halonotius(17.21%)和盐红菌属Halorubrum(16.23%)。【结论】揭示了茶卡盐湖中细菌和古菌的群落结构及物种多样性,为嗜盐菌的开发及后续微生物资源的挖掘提供了理论依据。[Objetive] Chaka Salt Lake is a famous natural and crystal salt lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, having unique halite deposits and abounding in edible salt. There are abundant halophilic bacteria resources and potential species in the salt lake environment. The community structure and species diversity of bacteria and archaea remains unknown. [Methods] Microbial community and diversity of water and sediment mixture samples were investigated by the 16S rRNA V3-V5 region gene based on an Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform. [Results] Totally 117 192 and 110 571 valid sequences of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene were generated respectively in this study. Results showed that the species annotation OTU （Operational taxonomic unit） numbers of bacteria and archaea were 421 and 317, respectively, belonging to definite taxonomic bacteria of 14 phylum 28 classes 170 genera and classified archaea of 5 phylum 4 classes 34 genera. Bacterial dominant groups were Firmicutes （68.37%）, followed by Proteobacteria （20.49%）. The bacterial dominant populations were Bacillus （41.94%）, Oeeanobacillus （8.03%）, Pseudomonas （7.67%）, Halanaerobium （7.42%） and Lactococcus （7.38%） in turn. Furthermore, archaeal dominant group was Halobacteria in the Euryarchaeota, and dominant archaea populations were Halonotius （17.21%） and Halorubrum （16.23%）. [Conclusion] This study revealed the community structure and the species diversity of bacteria and archaea in Chaka Salt Lake. These results could provide significant theoretical references for the exploitation and utilization of microbial resource.

关 键 词：茶卡盐湖 细菌 古菌 高通量测序 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q933[生物学—微生物学]